Patients with listeriosis often have an increase in peripheral blood leukocytes, predominantly neutrophilic. The clinical presentation is variable and the main clinical types are septic meningoencephalitis, septicemia and perinatal infections leading to miscarriage or neonatal listeriosis. The following diseases are also causes of neutrophilia in newborns: 1. Brain abscesses Brain abscesses are septic encephalitis, chronic granulomas and brain abscesses caused by septic bacterial infections, and to a lesser extent, by fungal and protozoal invasion of brain tissue. Brain abscess can develop at any age, and is most common in young adults, accounting for 14% of cases under 11 years old, 67% of cases between 11 and 35 years old, 17% of cases between 36 and 55 years old, and 1% of cases over 56 years old. 2, miscarriage (abortion) is a common gynecological disease, such as improper or untimely treatment, may leave behind inflammation of reproductive organs, or due to hemorrhage and endanger the health of pregnant women, or even threaten life; in addition, abortion is easily confused with certain gynecological diseases. Termination of pregnancy before 20 weeks, with fetal weight less than 500 grams, is called miscarriage (World Health Organization, 1966). If the miscarriage occurs before 12 weeks of gestation, it is called early miscarriage. If the miscarriage occurs after 12 weeks of gestation, it is called late miscarriage. Listeriosis Listeriosis, also known as listeriosis, is an acute infectious disease caused by Listeria monocytogenes [or translated as listeria monocytogenes]. Patients tend to develop the infection when they are immunocompromised, mainly in newborns, the elderly, pregnant women, and immunodeficient patients. Listeriosis is an infection caused by Listeria monocytogenes. There are three strains of Listeria, and only Listeria monocytogenes can cause human infection. Mostly seen in newborns and immunodeficient children. 4.Sepsis is a systemic infection caused by the invasion of pathogenic bacteria into the blood circulation and grow and multiply in it, producing toxins, which is easy to occur in the case of reduced human resistance. The main clinical manifestations are chills, high fever, toxemia symptoms, rash, arthralgia, hepatosplenomegaly, infectious shock, migratory lesions, etc. The majority of the acute course of the disease, the disease is serious, the prognosis is poor, and nowadays it is further considered that sepsis is a series of chain reaction processes caused by the activation and release of inflammatory mediators after the pathogenic bacteria and their toxins and metabolites enter the bloodstream. This process, clinically, can lead to dysfunction and failure of multiple organs throughout the body, i.e., not only the state of presence of the causative organism in the organism is seen, but also the immune response of the organism and its outcome is valued. The known mediators of inflammation are complement components, arachidonic acid metabolites, tumor factors (TNF), interleukins (IL-s), interferons (IF-a), platelet-activating factor (PAF), pre-macrophage inflammatory cytokines (MPIC), proteases, coagulation oxidants and oxygen free radicals.