Ocular structure refers to the tissues that make up the eye, including mainly the division into the eyeball, optic pathway, and appendages. The eyeball is mainly composed of the wall of the eyeball, intraocular cavity, contents, nerves, blood vessels, and other tissues, in which the wall of the eyeball is divided into three layers from the outside to the inside, the outer layer is the fibrous membrane, the middle layer is the uvea, and the inner layer is the retina. In addition, the contents of the eye include the aqueous humor, lens, and vitreous humor. The optic pathway mainly consists of the optic nerve, optic cross, optic tract, lateral geniculate body, optic radiation, and optic center, while the ocular appendages include the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal apparatus, and extraocular muscles. In daily life, we need to maintain a good eye habit, eye posture, balanced diet, increase outdoor exercise, get enough sleep and protect the eyes. Patients with eye discomfort are advised to seek prompt medical attention to assess their condition and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.