In the early stages of varicose veins, there are usually no symptoms except for the appearance of prominent bruises. However, as the disease progresses (usually over a period of several years to ten years), its harmful effects gradually become apparent. (i) Edema. Due to the presence of venous reflux, patients often present with morning light and evening heavy edema of the affected limbs. (ii) Skin pigmentation. Long-term venous hypertension leads to increased capillary permeability in the calf area, rupture of erythrocytes after exudation, and deposition of ferritin under the skin, making the skin darker, developing from dots to patches. (iii) Bleeding. The skin in the area through which the varicose veins pass is very fragile due to inadequate nutrition. Once careless, it can easily lead to rupture of the varicose vein thus causing hemorrhage. Since the bleeding is often not accompanied by other symptoms such as pain, the patient is often unaware of it, and if it occurs at night while sleeping, it can lead to very serious consequences. (iv) Ulcers. The most common consequence of varicose veins is the occurrence of ulcers due to nutritional changes in the skin caused by varicose veins, which can be long-lasting and locally foul-smelling and pus-filled, and can have a serious impact on daily life. (E) Venous thrombosis. Some patients can form thrombosis in the superficial varicose vein, which is characterized by local redness, swelling and pain, hard lump formation and pain affecting walking. If left untreated, the thrombus may spread upward or through the traffic veins to the deep veins, causing deep vein thrombosis with the risk of life-threatening pulmonary embolism. Because of these complications, early minimally invasive surgery can be considered once varicose veins are judged to be likely to develop. The benefits of early surgery are also obvious: first, same-day surgery can be used, second, postoperative recovery is quick and less painful, and third, improvement of deep vein function is evident and recurrence rates are reduced.