I. Common symptoms and signs of colon cancer.
1.Change in stool habit.
It is the most common clinical manifestation of colon cancer. Early colon cancer does not have any clinical symptom, only the increase in the number of stools and change in stool properties, and there can be no abnormality in abdominal examination, which is mostly discovered by colonoscopy, especially right hemicolectomy colon cancer.
2. Abdominal pain.
Abdominal pain can exist in 70%-80% of right hemicolectomized colon cancer patients and 60% of left hemicolectomized colon cancer patients, mostly due to incomplete obstruction caused by distending growth of tumor or circumferential growth of tumor, and the degree and frequency of abdominal pain varies according to the degree of obstruction, which can be manifested as paroxysmal abdominal colic in case of complete obstruction.
3.Blood in stool.
Blood in the stool is mainly due to the narrower intestinal lumen of the left hemicolectomy, which is closer to the anal opening, and ulcerated masses are common, and the mucosal necrotic bleeding material in the center of the ulcer adheres to the surface of the stool and is eliminated from the body, causing patients to pay attention to it and seek medical consultation.
4. abdominal masses.
Abdominal masses can be palpated in 30%-40% of patients, more in the right abdomen than in the left abdomen, but cases of abdominal masses accompanied by intestinal root obstruction are not rare.
5. Anemia.
Anemia is mostly due to chronic hemorrhagic anemia caused by central ischemia and necrosis shedding after the growth of the mass, and the stool may be black in nature, with laboratory tests OB (+) and hemoglobin less than 100g/L in 50%-60% of patients, mostly seen in right hemicolectomized colon cancer.
Second, common clinical manifestations of rectal cancer.
1, rectal irritation symptoms.
Frequent stool, change of defecation habit, accompanied by the feeling of anal drop, urgency and heaviness, the feeling of incomplete defecation, and lower abdominal distension and pain in the late stage.
2, intestinal stenosis symptoms.
Deformation of stool, thinning, some of them may show intestinal stenosis and intestinal obstruction.
3.Symptoms of cancer rupture with infection.
Blood and mucus on the surface of stool, or even pus and blood stool.
The frequency of rectal cancer symptoms is blood in stool (80%-90%), frequent stool (60%-70%), thinning (40%), mucus stool (35%), urgency (20%), constipation (10%). When the tumor invades the prostate bladder, there may be bladder irritation symptoms, and when the tumor invades the presacral nerve, there may be persistent and severe pain in the sacrococcygeal area.
Different clinical manifestations of right hemicolectomy and left hemicolectomy
Clinical manifestations of right hemicolectomy cancer.
1.Abdominal pain.
70%-80% of patients with right hemicolectomized colon cancer may have abdominal hidden pain.
2.Anemia.
Caused by necrosis of cancer foci, shedding and chronic blood loss, about 50%-60% of patients have hemoglobin less than 100g/L.
3.Abdominal mass.
Abdominal mass is also a common symptom of right hemi-colon cancer, but it is not common to see abdominal mass accompanied by intestinal root obstruction.
Clinical manifestations of left hemi-colon cancer.
1.Blood in stool.
Blood in stool is mostly seen as dark red blood in stool, blood in stool or mucus blood in stool. 70% of patients with left hemicolectomy cancer show this.
2.Abdominal pain.
Abdominal pain, mostly hidden pain, exists in 60% of patients with left hemicolectomy, and can be abdominal colic when complicated by obstruction.
3.Abdominal mass.
About 40% of the patients can palpate the left lower abdominal mass.
Colorectal cancer has no obvious symptoms in early stage, and after the tumor grows to a certain extent, different clinical manifestations can exist according to its growth area. Right hemi-colon cancer is mostly manifested as abdominal pain, anemia and abdominal mass. The right hemicolectomy is the widest part of colorectal cavity, and the masses are mostly swelling growth, so there is no special clinical manifestation in early stage, and some patients only show change in stool habit; after the masses grow to a certain degree, the pressure in the intestinal cavity increases, and 70%-80% of them can cause pulling pain; meanwhile, the ischemic necrosis in the center of the masses causes chronic hemorrhagic anemia, and the stool can be black stool, and the laboratory test is OB (+). ), 50%-60% of patients have hemoglobin less than 100g/L; 30%-40% of patients may have palpable right abdominal mass, but it is not common to find abdominal mass with intestinal root block. Left hemicolectasis is usually characterized by blood in the stool, abdominal pain and abdominal mass. Blood in stool or mucus and blood in stool is the first symptom, mainly because the left hemicolectomy lumen is narrower and closer to the anal opening, and ulcerative masses are common. 60% of patients with left hemicolectomy cancer have abdominal pain, mainly vague pain, and a few patients can palpate the left lower abdominal mass. Rectal cancer may have different clinical manifestations in different periods. In early stage, rectal irritation symptoms are common, some of them are accompanied by anal drop, urgency, and incomplete defecation, while in late stage, lower abdominal pain may be present. If the tumor invades the intestinal canal and causes stenosis, it can deform the stool and make it thinner, and if it is serious, it can have the status of intestinal root obstruction. If the tumor is dissected and infected, it can be pus and blood stool.
The frequency of rectal cancer symptoms is blood in stool (80%-90%), frequent stool (60%-70%), thin stool (40%), mucus stool (35%), urgency (20%), constipation (10%). When the tumor invades the prostatic bladder, there may be bladder irritation symptoms, and when it invades the presacral nerve, there may be persistent and severe pain in the sacrococcygeal area.