Tracheal stenosis needs to be identified and treated according to the cause. Diseases causing tracheal stenosis include congenital tracheal malformation, post-traumatic stenosis, tracheal tumor, external pressure tracheal stenosis, infectious tracheal stenosis, etc. The treatment methods are different for different diseases. 1. Congenital tracheal anomalies: Conservative treatment can be adopted for infants with mild symptoms without combined large vessel malformations. For symptomatic infants with vascular malformations, vascular ring or pulmonary artery sling should be performed as early as possible, and mild tracheal stenosis can often be relieved; for severe cases, tracheoplasty should be performed at the same time. 2. Post-traumatic stenosis: For tracheal stenosis caused by mechanical trauma, tracheal resection and reconstruction should be performed after the inflammation subsides and the condition is clear. In patients with inhalation burns, giving endoluminal stents can mostly achieve more satisfactory results. 3. Tracheal tumor: resection and reconstruction should be carried out according to the doctor’s prescription, bronchial endoscopic tumor resection, endoluminal stent placement, radiotherapy and so on. 4. External compression tracheal stenosis: thyroidectomy, vascular suspension and mediastinal resurfacing can be performed according to different causes of compression. 5. Infectious tracheal stenosis: if the stenosis caused by tracheal tuberculosis is obvious, tracheal resection and reconstruction can be performed under effective control of active tuberculosis. The treatment of stenosis caused by histoplasmosis is still quite difficult, with high surgical risk and high failure rate. If the symptoms of airway stenosis appear, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time and choose the appropriate treatment after the cause of the disease is clarified under the guidance of the doctor.