Pneumothorax is a common disease in thoracic surgery. Normal people have a physiological pleural cavity with a small amount of fluid between the cavities for lubrication. If the pleural cavity is affected by stimulating factors such as spontaneous, trauma or lung diseases, resulting in a state of air accumulation in the pleural cavity, it will cause pneumothorax, and most patients will have chest pain and difficulty in breathing at the onset, accompanied by coughing and chest tightness. And whether pneumothorax is a major disease depends on the severity of the disease and needs to be identified by situation. First of all, when a pneumothorax occurs, the compression of lung tissue occurs when gas enters the chest cavity and the pressure at the chest cavity is greater than the pressure inside the lung. If the degree of lung tissue compression is mild (less than 20%), in patients with the first attack and only a small amount of gas accumulation in the chest cavity, it is generally not a major disease. By paying attention to bed rest and reducing talking and activities, the lung activity is reduced to help gas absorption and lung reopening; pain relief is provided by applying pain-relieving and sedative drugs such as ibuprofen and morphine when the pain is severe; or after thoracentesis and aspiration and closed drainage of the chest cavity for After the above conservative treatment, the patient will gradually recover. Secondly, if the degree of lung tissue compression is too heavy (more than 20%), because the degree of the disease is more serious such as the emergence of respiratory distress; or some elderly people with poor lung function and weak body constitution, although the symptoms of pneumothorax are relatively light, after treatment, although they can recover, but they are prone to recurrent episodes and frequent respiratory distress, threatening life safety, for these two types of patients, also belong to the major diseases. Surgical treatments such as thoracoscopic surgery and open-heart surgery are needed to drain the gas and repair the chest cavity according to the patient’s specific condition; lung transplantation may also be needed if the decline in lung function seriously affects mobility. However, postoperative attention should be paid to bed rest, oxygen absorption as prescribed by the doctor, avoiding infection, forceful coughing, breath-holding, constipation, etc. to avoid postoperative complications. In addition, it is recommended to avoid risk factors for the development of pneumothorax, such as smoking, strenuous activity, or lung disease in the elderly, and avoid constipation. In addition, once you suspect that you have a pneumothorax, you need to seek medical attention in a timely manner to avoid aggravating the condition with delay.