Urine protein is involved in the renal pathology process as an independent factor, and urine protein can also damage the kidney. It has toxic effects on glomerular thylakoid cells. After patients enter renal failure, a large amount of plasma proteins will be deposited in the glomerular thylakoid zone, and the deposition of these macromolecules in the thylakoid zone can cause thylakoid cell damage, thylakoid cell proliferation and increased thylakoid matrix production, which leads to glomerulosclerosis; 2. Urinary protein can damage the tubular interstitium, and the normal glomerular filtration A small amount of small molecule protein is reabsorbed by the approaching tubular epithelial cells and broken down in the lysosomes. Under pathological conditions, increased glomerular permeability causes a large amount of plasma protein to leak into the tubular lumen, while excessive reabsorption of albumin by proximal tubular epithelial cells leads to increased intracytoplasmic lysosomal activity, which can cause cellular damage; 3. Large amounts of proteinuria increase tubular reabsorption of protein and promote increased ammonia production, which also plays a role in progressive interstitial lesions in renal tissue. In addition, reabsorption and digestion of large amounts of protein require additional energy, which can cause tubular cell hypoxia and increased oxygen radical generation, causing tubular cell damage.