The main ligaments of the lumbar column are the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament, the ligamentum flavum, the supraspinous ligament and the intertransverse process ligament. Among them, the anterior longitudinal ligament, the posterior longitudinal ligament and the ligamentum flavum are the most important. The anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments are most developed in the lumbar region, and these ligaments are attached to the vertebral body. The anterior longitudinal ligament is the longest ligament in the body and is located on the anterior and anterolateral sides of the vertebral body, starting at the anterior border of the foramen magnum and ending at the body of the 1st or 2nd sacral vertebra, which prevents excessive posterior extension of the spine, which is particularly important in the lumbar region. It helps stop the tendency to increase lumbar curvature due to weight action, and the anterior longitudinal ligament has the effect of preventing the disc from protruding forward. The posterior longitudinal ligament is located behind each vertebra and disc and forms the anterior wall of the spinal canal, starting at the second cervical vertebra and ending at the sacrum, and has the effect of limiting excessive forward flexion of the spine and preventing the disc from protruding backward. The posterior longitudinal ligament is narrower at the middle of the vertebral body in the lumbar segment, and wider at the ends of the vertebrae and intervertebral discs, and is thicker in the middle of this wider part and thinner in the extension to both sides, so the discs protrude more to the rear. Yellow ligament, also known as the inter-arch ligament, is segmental, located between the two adjacent vertebral arch plates, from the middle of the front of the upper vertebral plate, down to stop at the upper line of the lower vertebral plate and behind it, like roof tiles stacked on top of each other. Among all the ligaments in the human body, the yellow ligament has the highest content of elastic fibers, is elastic and has a yellow appearance. The ligamentum flavum is involved in weaving into the posterior wall of the spinal canal. The normal thickness of the ligamentum flavum is 2 to 4 mm cephalad attachment points are prone to ossification. The main reason for thickening of the ligamentum flavum is continuous trauma, and thickening of the ligamentum flavum can cause narrowing of the spinal canal, resulting in pressure on the spinal cord or nerve roots, thus causing the corresponding symptoms.