The majority of congenital heart defects do not heal on their own and require surgical treatment. Very few ventricular or atrial defects with defects less than 0.5 cm may not have adverse effects on the function and growth of the child’s heart, and some of them may even heal on their own before the age of 3. However, the presence of a heart murmur may have an impact on the child’s future education, employment, marriage, etc. Some parents still choose surgery. Special types of some small defects, such as sub-stem ventricular defects, need active surgical treatment even if they are less than 0.5 cm because of their proximity to the aortic valve; for children with ventricular or atrial defects with a caliber larger than 0.5 cm or other complex congenital heart disease, early diagnosis and early treatment are recommended. At present, the surgery of congenital heart disease is more mature and the success rate of surgery is high. Early diagnosis and treatment is necessary to avoid delaying the best time for surgery.