If a nodule or lesion is found in the thyroid gland and it is not possible to determine the benignity or malignancy of the nodule, or if the nature of the thyroid lesion is not certain, a small amount of tissue should be extracted by thyroid puncture for pathological examination in order to make a clearer diagnosis. Before the thyroid puncture, the patient should lie flat on the bed, then iodophor should be applied twice to the surface of the thyroid gland to disinfect it, and an ultrasound probe should be used to probe the location where the puncture is needed. A small amount of thyroid tissue is aspirated while puncturing with a 7-gauge needle. Repeated, multi-point punctures are required, and the tissue is promptly sent for pathological examination after extraction. If the pathological examination considers the thyroid nodule to be a malignant lesion, radical nail cancer surgery is required. If pathology reveals internal thyroid lesions, such as subacute thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, conservative medical treatment is required.