What are prostate tumors? Prostate tumors include tumors of epithelial or mesenchymal origin in the prostate gland, most of which are malignant, including prostate cancer and prostate sarcoma. Patients with prostate cancer are mainly older men. There can be symptoms such as hematuria and difficulty in urination. In western countries, prostate cancer is the first malignant tumor in men with the first incidence rate and the second number of deaths, while the incidence of prostate cancer in China is increasing rapidly, with prostate tumors in Shanghai exceeding two in 10,000, which has jumped to the fifth place of malignant tumors in men. The symptoms of prostate cancer are often at an advanced stage. However, the survival time of prostate cancer detected early can be more than 10 years after diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, it is necessary for men over the age of 50 to have an annual prostate examination to detect prostate tumors in a timely manner. Symptoms of prostate tumor Prostate cancer is often asymptomatic in the early stage, with the development of tumor, the symptoms caused by prostate cancer can be summarized into two categories: 1. urinary incontinence. Tumor compression of rectum can cause difficulty in stool or intestinal obstruction, and also compression of vas deferens can cause lack of ejaculation, compression of nerve can cause pain in perineum, and can radiate to sciatic nerve. 2.Metastasis symptoms Prostate cancer can invade the bladder, seminal vesicles and vascular nerve bundle, causing hematuria, hematospermia and impotence. Metastasis of pelvic lymph nodes can cause edema of both lower limbs. Bone metastasis often occurs in prostate cancer, causing bone pain or pathological fracture and paraplegia. Prostate cancer can also invade the bone marrow and cause anemia or decrease in complete blood count. When metastatic symptoms appear, the tumor has already developed to an advanced stage, and the symptoms of compression are often similar to those of difficulty in urination caused by prostate enlargement, so men who have difficulty in urination and urinary retention should be diagnosed and treated for benign prostate enlargement, while the possibility of malignant tumor must be ruled out. How to detect prostate tumor early? If you are over 50 years old, you should pay attention and insist on at least one physical examination per year. Rectal examination: Rectal examination can detect changes in the texture of the prostate gland and nodules caused by prostate cancer; PSA (prostate specific antigen) blood test, PSA > 4 ng/ml, which is more pronounced in prostate tumors, especially in prostate cancer with bone metastases; prostate aspiration: to detect cancer cells. When the physician has a high suspicion that the patient has a prostate tumor, especially if the PSA is greater than normal. Prostate puncture is often performed under local anesthesia, which is safe and reliable, and individual patients may experience fever; ultrasound, CT, and MRI are also helpful in the diagnosis of prostate tumors. How are prostate tumors treated? For patients with early prostate cancer, radical treatment can be used. The methods that can cure early prostate cancer are radical prostatectomy, radioactive particle implantation and radical radiotherapy; radical prostatectomy is suitable for patients with early stage prostate cancer and life expectancy ≥ 10 years, among which minimally invasive laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is less invasive and has good recovery effect after surgery; radioactive particle implantation is suitable for Radical radiotherapy is suitable for patients with early stage prostate cancer but with short life expectancy; Radical radiotherapy is suitable for patients with limited prostate cancer. or adjuvant therapy for patients with pathology of pT3-4, seminal vesicle invasion, positive cut margins or persistently elevated PSA after radical prostatectomy; it can also be used for palliative treatment of patients with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer. For patients with mid-stage prostate cancer, comprehensive treatment methods should be used, such as surgery + radiotherapy, endocrine therapy + radiotherapy, etc. For patients with hormone-sensitive advanced prostate cancer, endocrine therapy is the mainstay. Endocrine therapy includes debulking (surgical debulking or pharmacological debulking) and anti-androgen therapy (bicalutamide or flutamide) or debulking + anti-androgen therapy. Most patients will develop hormone-non-dependent prostate cancer or hormone-resistant prostate cancer. Second-line endocrine therapy may be used for patients with hormone-non-dependent prostate cancer. Patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer should be maintained in a continuous depot status with concurrent polyene paclitaxel and mitoxantrone based chemotherapy. Patients with prostate cancer with bone metastases should be treated with a combination of osteoprotective agents (mainly bisphosphonates) to prevent and reduce bone-related events, relieve bone pain, improve quality of life, and increase survival rates. External radiation therapy or radionuclides may also improve local bone pain. How can I prevent prostate tumors in my life? Pay attention to genital hygiene, take a warm bath or sitz bath every night, and wear less or no tight underwear; pay attention to sexual lifestyle, neither overindulgence nor blind abstinence, and urinate promptly after each intercourse; low-fat diet, less meat and dairy products: animal fat food can raise the level of adult male sex hormones and increase the risk of cancer. The risk of cancer is related because prostate cancer is quite sensitive to hormone levels in the blood; Supplemental vitamin E: nuts (sunflower seeds, walnuts, pine nuts, pumpkin seeds, hazelnuts, etc.), olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, sesame oil, horsetail, etc.; Consumption of healthy fruits and vegetables include: soybeans, tomatoes, pomegranates, green tea, red grapes, strawberries, peas, watermelon, garlic and citrus. Supplementation with the trace element selenium: High selenium intake significantly reduces the risk of prostate cancer compared to those with low selenium intake. Eggs and fish contain high amounts of inorganic selenium, and organic selenium in green vegetables is better absorbed by the body. Men who eat more garlic, young stem cauliflower and gyro mushrooms can better absorb organic selenium can effectively prevent prostate cancer.