Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors of the female reproductive system and have some degree of impact on women’s menstruation. The most common clinical symptom of fibroids is altered cyclic uterine bleeding, i.e. increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual periods. The uterine wall is divided into plasma, myometrial and mucosal layers from the outside inwards, and fibroids are classified into intermyometrial, subplasma and submucosal fibroids according to their relationship with the myometrial wall. Some of the larger interstitial and submucosal fibroids increase the size of the uterine cavity and the endometrial area, and the larger fibroids affect the contraction of the uterus, making it difficult to stop bleeding during menstruation. In addition, fibroids can compress the nearby veins, causing the venous plexus of the endometrium to become engorged and dilated, which can lead to increased menstrual flow and prolonged periods. Submucosal fibroids with necrosis or infection can also cause irregular bleeding from the uterus or abnormal discharge of bloody, pus-like fluid. If the fibroid is located in the cervix and is large enough to compress the cervix or affect the secretion of hormones in the body, decreased menstrual flow or even menopause may also occur. Subplasma fibroids do not affect the morphology of the uterine cavity or the endometrium because they protrude from the surface of the uterus and do not affect menstruation. Most fibroids do not affect menstruation, but those that do affect the morphology of the uterine cavity and the endometrium often prolong the menstrual period and/or lengthen the menstrual period. Long-term abnormal menstrual changes can lead to anemia, weakness, fatigue and palpitations, which can affect the patient’s daily life.