Ileal tuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection! Intestinal tuberculosis is the most common of the gastrointestinal tuberculosis. The vast majority of cases are secondary to extra-intestinal tuberculosis, especially cavernous tuberculosis. According to statistics, 25% to 50% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis can be complicated by intestinal tuberculosis. The source of intestinal tuberculosis is mainly ingestive, caused by swallowing sputum containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis, occasionally from food contaminated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, or from hematogenous or direct spread of tuberculosis from other organs of the abdominal or pelvic cavity. The pathology is divided into three types: ulcerative, hyperplastic and mixed. MTB enters the intestine and causes lesions in the ileocecal region, because under normal physiological conditions, intestinal contents remain in the terminal ileum for a longer period of time before passing through the ileocecal sphincter, and in addition, the proximal colon often has counter-peristalsis, which causes intestinal contents to remain in the cecum for a longer period of time. In this way, MTB has more chances to contact with intestinal mucosa, which increases the chance of infection of intestinal mucosa. The ileocecal region is rich in lymphatic tissues, and MTB easily invades lymphatic tissues. What are the causative factors in patients with ileocecal tuberculosis? 1.Hematogenous: In the case of corpuscular tuberculosis, MTB can cause intestinal tuberculosis by hematogenous dissemination. 2, direct spread: direct spread of intra-abdominal TB lesions, such as female genital tuberculosis and renal tuberculosis, can cause intestinal TB. 3, adjacent TB foci: Intestinal TB can also be caused by direct spread of intra-abdominal TB foci, such as tuberculosis of fallopian tubes, tuberculous peritonitis and mesenteric lymphatic TB. This type of infection is spread through the lymphatic vessels. It is the main mode of infection of intestinal tuberculosis. Patients with original open tuberculosis often swallow their own sputum containing tuberculosis bacilli and get secondary infection; or often come into close contact with tuberculosis patients. 4, and ignore sterilization and isolation measures: can cause primary intestinal tuberculosis. 5. Proliferative lesions are mostly located in the ileocecal region: although the adjacent cecum and ascending colon can be involved at the same time, most patients have only one involvement. The pathology is characterized by a high degree of proliferation of fibrous tissue under the intestinal mucosa, often accompanied by the formation of mucosal polyps. Small, superficial ulcers are sometimes seen, but are not very prominent. Due to thickening of the intestinal wall and adhesions around the lesion, luminal narrowing and obstruction often result, but perforation is rare.