The treasures of traditional Chinese medicine are extremely rich and still show unique roles and advantages in the overall picture of modern medicine in preventing and treating diseases. To a large extent, traditional Chinese medicine can be said to be practical and empirical medicine, which is different from Western medicine that originated from anatomy and from experimental observation and analysis of pathophysiology. As a momentary group or individual in the long history, a comprehensive inheritance without omission is impossible. However, if it is superficial and not systematically studied in depth, the development and innovation will lack the source. The innovative ability in the process of clinical practice of TCM depends to a large extent on the inheritance of traditional knowledge and experience, and whether the inheritance is the essence or the dross also depends to a certain extent on the innovative thinking process. 1. Development and innovation based on repeated clinical practice The recognition of disease causes, disease locations and disease situations is the premise of disease prevention and treatment. Although the methods, perspectives and levels of understanding diseases in Chinese medicine and Western medicine are different, the establishment of their treatment methods are based on the identification of the causes and pathologies of disease occurrence and development, and the treatment effects of diseases also vary greatly depending on the levels, perspectives and depths of disease identification. Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on a holistic and macroscopic understanding of diseases, which is based on the external signs and symptoms of diseases, and on its own theoretical system, which detects and deduces the causes, nature and location of diseases and summarizes the concept of “evidence”. Because this kind of thinking and reasoning is based on repeated clinical practice, its ability to judge the disease nature, location and potential of the disease can also be sublimated in the process of repeated practice, and the treatment effect corresponding to this understanding can also produce quantitative progress and qualitative leap. For example, before the Tang and Song Dynasties, the understanding of “stroke” was mainly based on the doctrine of “external wind” and the theory of “internal deficiency of evil”; after the Tang and Song Dynasties, the theory of “internal wind” began to be highlighted. “After the Tang and Song dynasties, the theory of “internal wind” began to be emphasized, and the concept of “classical stroke” was put forward. Based on clinical practice and anatomical observation, Wang Qingren established the “theory of qi deficiency and blood stasis in the meridians” and believed that it was due to the deficiency of vital energy in the hemiplegia, the blockage of vital energy in the meridians and blood stasis in the veins. With the deepening of understanding, all of them brought about innovation in treatment methods and improvement in clinical efficacy. Other researches, such as the understanding of external fever, the understanding of infectious disease and epidemic toxicity, and the theory of damp-heat, are all based on repeated clinical practice, resulting in innovations in the methodology of understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases, which in turn bring new breakthroughs in clinical treatment. The holistic, macroscopic, external and internal clinical thinking method of traditional Chinese medicine is still worthy of our reference. The understanding of disease is a process of repeated clinical practice, gradually deepening to a correct and comprehensive grasp of the nature of the disease. Especially for some major diseases, it is impossible not to have a biased understanding of the disease at the beginning due to various conditions and subjective consciousness. According to the theoretical system of TCM, it is still one of the important methods of clinical etiology and therapeutic methodology innovation to identify the symptoms of diseases that are clinically manifested outside and then think about their causes and mechanisms, without being bound by the views of the ancients. (1) According to the manifestation of the disease, the pathological mechanism has not been recognized by previous authors, such as the recognition of cerebral hemorrhage (in the internal organs), more than 80% of patients have symptoms such as constipation, confusion, headache, etc. Accordingly, many scholars believe that the pathological mechanism is Yangming qi knot, wind and Yang phlegm and fire in the upper, the treatment should be taken from the upper disease to the lower, to pass its internal qi, with Xiao Cheng Qi combined with Antelope and Hooked Vine Soup or San Hua Tang plus flavor ( The treatment should be taken from the top to the bottom, and the internal qi should be cleared. The clinical reduction of mortality and disability rate has received good results; rheumatoid arthritis (paralysis), the effect of treatment with three paralysis is not good. (2) According to the ancient understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease, we reflect on the treatment prescriptions and medicines; for example, for diabetes mellitus, the ancients used to treat the disease with the three eliminations, but the clinical symptoms of the three eliminations are mixed with each other. For example, diabetes mellitus (thirst), the ancients used to divide the treatment by the three eliminations. The Nei Jing says that the pathogenesis is “two yang heat”. For thirst, hunger, and drinking Yang Ming heat, Bai Hu Tang or Ren Ren attended Bai Hu Tang is used to clear heat and generate fluid. The two yang junction heat is not Yangming meridian heat, but the meridian heat is Bai Hu Tang, while the junction heat is Da Huang Huang Lian Di Xin Tang. Therefore, in the treatment of thirsty, thirsty, drinkable and hungry people, on the basis of nourishing Yin and clearing heat, combining with Da Huang and Huang Lian, so that the knotted heat (tulip heat) is dispelled and the fluids are restored, the clinical symptoms can be improved significantly. (3) Break through the traditional theoretical framework. New theories often bring a series of changes in treatment methodology, such as the “internal wind” theory of stroke etiology and the “Wei Qi, Ying and Blood” and “San Jiao identification” theories of the warm disease school. This has brought a breakthrough in clinical treatment. In recent years, the “truncated and reversed theory” of treatment of warm diseases has broken through the theoretical framework of traditional Chinese medicine that “only when it reaches the Qi can it be cleared, when it enters the Ying it can still penetrate the heat and turn the Qi, when it enters the Blood it is afraid of depleting the Blood and moving it, so it must cool the Blood and disperse it”, so that Chinese medicine has made great progress in the treatment of warm fever, and In the treatment of modern acute infectious diseases, it has shown reliable efficacy. 2.Innovation based on the combination with modern science The rapid development of modern medicine is due to its ability to closely connect with the development of modern science and to integrate the new technologies and methods of modern science in the study of clinical basis: for example, the discovery of microorganisms and the production of antimicrobial agents have brought about a qualitative change in the therapeutic effect of infectious diseases; the development of imaging in recent times has provided the method and theoretical basis for interventional treatment, which has led to a significant increase in the mortality rate and the number of patients with obstructive diseases. The recent development of imaging has provided methods and theoretical basis for interventional treatment, which has led to a substantial decrease in the mortality rate and complication rate of some obstructive vascular diseases. In recent decades, domestic educated people have used modern science and technology to study and develop TCM, and have made promising progress. For example, in the study of spleen deficiency, the rate of appearance, standardization of symptoms and pathophysiological mechanisms of spleen deficiency in nearly 10 animal models of 10 diseases have been studied in China, and the mechanism of spleen deficiency has been elucidated at different levels from the overall organ and cellular-molecular levels. Scholars have worked on microcirculation, blood rheology, platelet function, organ blood flow, and changes in the fibrinolytic system, combined with traditional Chinese medicine’s understanding of blood stasis, developed diagnostic criteria for blood stasis, and comparatively studied the effects of commonly used prescriptions for activating blood stasis. The indications of TCM prescriptions for activating blood stasis have been broadened to improve the clinical efficacy of many clinical diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, tumors, cardiovascular diseases, etc. Innovation based on the combination of modern science and traditional Chinese medicine, how to extend the vision of self with the help of modern science and technology, recognize the physiopathological phenomena observed by modern science and technology, methods, more valuable to the development of innovation in Chinese medicine than confirming the scientific nature of Chinese medicine with modern science and technology: for example, the development of modern CT, ECT technology for the diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage, Chinese medicine according to the traditional theory that it is “blood away from the meridian” and “stasis blood”, breaking the taboo of contraindicating the use of blood-activating and stasis-transforming drugs for cerebral hemorrhage. Treating it with blood-activating and stasis-removing prescriptions has better effects than previous cool-blooded and blood-stopping treatments in relieving the compression reaction of the hematoma on the surrounding tissues, relieving or eliminating the edema of the brain tissue around the hematoma, and improving the ischemia, hypoxia and necrosis of the brain nerve tissues. In patients with cardiac insufficiency, especially those with pulmonary heart failure, because of the edema of the intestinal mucosa and stagnation of blood circulation, Chinese medicine considers it to be stasis of blood and stagnation of the intestinal tract, and the use of rhubarb to remove the stagnation of blood. In other cases, such as internal organ cysts, hemangiomas, nodules, etc., there are also many clinical reports on the effectiveness of legislative treatment from phlegm and stasis. With the development and popularization of modern medicine, TCM is facing a group of diseases that are basically diagnosed by modern medicine and have certain pathological changes, not only those diseases with vague and generalized concepts. How to give full play to the advantages of macroscopic and holistic deduction and thinking to identify and treat modern medical diseases under the guidance of the theory of discriminatory evidence is a realistic problem that TCM cannot avoid. Modern medical diseases are mostly diagnosed and named by “pathophysiological” changes that distinguish them from other diseases, and they have their own unique pathological evolution and development rules, and most of their disease locations and pathological characteristics can be clearly recognized by physical and chemical means. At a specific stage of disease development (or a specific type of disease), their pathological changes are basically the same, and the symptoms reflected in the clinic are mostly the same. For example, in angina pectoris of coronary artery disease, the basic pathological changes are atherosclerotic stenosis, spasm and microthrombosis of coronary arteries, and the prominent symptoms are pressure-like pain, colic and dullness in the precordial region; in acute glomerulonephritis after streptococcal infection, the pathological changes are diffuse proliferative inflammation of glomeruli, infiltration of cells and endothelial neutrophils and monocytes, microthrombosis, necrosis or rupture of capillary collaterals, and the clinical manifestations are hematuria, oliguria, edema, and hypertension secondary to upper respiratory tract or skin infections. These consistent commonalities are reflected in the treatment of TCM, which should also have its own rules.