Once a child is diagnosed with dental caries (tooth decay), he/she should seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent further deterioration, causing pulp infection and pain, and even affecting the development of the inherited permanent tooth germ. Some parents think that the baby teeth will be replaced and ignore the treatment is a very wrong and outdated idea, which will cause a series of health hazards, including local and systemic hazards. Localized damage refers to the painful inflammation of the tooth. Once a tooth reaches the middle layer of the dentin, it will be prone to painful symptoms, starting with pain when eating, and if left untreated, spontaneous pain will develop, gradually leading to acute pulpitis. If the infection worsens, facial swelling and pain may occur, and the infection may inherit the permanent tooth germ and affect the development of the permanent tooth germ, which may lead to poor enamel development and the root of the tooth may be affected, including root curvature and enamel underdevelopment. In addition, premature loss of milk teeth may also cause malocclusion of permanent teeth. In addition, chronic focal infection may also cause systemic diseases (e.g. nephritis, allergic purpura, rheumatic fever, etc.); again, dental caries may affect the child’s pronunciation and appearance, This may cause children’s low self-esteem and affect their physical and mental development.