How are calcium deposits examined?

  Calcified foci are calcium deposits that appear as strong echogenic or dense images similar to stones in an organ as measured on ultrasound or CT images. Commonly, there are liver calcification foci, prostate calcification foci, and kidney calcification foci. Calcium inward flow refers to the ability of calcium ions to regulate numerous cellular biological processes through the activation of calmodulin; calmodulin is an important calcium-binding protein in the body that serves as a receptor for calcium ion action and is a mediator that assists calcium ions to perform a variety of physiological functions. The relationship between calcium ions and seizures is well established, and the intracellular flow of calcium ions is essential for the development of epilepsy.  1. Examination criteria for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease ① Direct evidence of the presence of calcium pyrophosphate crystals in synovial fluid or tissue (mainly biopsies of joint capsule and tendon sheath).  Other clinical or laboratory tests are used to exclude other diseases or to diagnose whether the patient is accompanied by other joint disorders. Once the diagnosis of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease is established, it is best to further investigate its etiology, especially to trace whether the disease is secondary to some genetic metabolic diseases.  2, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease examination criteria Ⅰ by infrared spectroscopy or X-ray diffraction in the synovial fluid or pathological specimens found clear calcium pyrophosphate crystals.  Ⅱ (a) The presence of weakly positive birefringent light or non-refractive monoclinic or triclinic crystals in the specimen seen in the phase contrast polarized light microscopic field.  II(b) Typical calcareous deposits in fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage are found on X-ray plain film.  III(a) Clinical manifestations of acute arthritis, especially when the knee or some other large joint is involved.  III(b) clinically manifests mainly as chronic arthritis, which can present with acute attacks, with knee and hip, wrist, elbow, shoulder or interphalangeal joints more likely to be involved.  Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can be diagnosed according to criterion I or criterion II(a) ten II(b).  Possible calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease can be diagnosed according to criteria II(a) or II(b).  Based on Criterion III(a) or III(b) clinically suggests only the possibility of the presence of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease.