Neonatal brain injury is a general term for damage to nerve cells in the neonatal brain caused by various etiologies, and its clinical symptoms mainly include neurological stimulation symptoms, neurological deficit symptoms, and neurological release symptoms. The causes of neonatal brain injury are mostly seen in neonatal ischemic-hypoxic encephalopathy, neonatal asphyxia, neonatal intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, neonatal hyperbilirubin encephalopathy, and neonatal intracranial infection. In the early stages of the disease, neurological deficits may manifest, mainly as hypotonia, little movement of the arms and legs, and no or weak cries. Later in the course of the disease, neurological stimulation and neurological release symptoms may be present, including increased muscle tone, positive bilateral pathology, tardive dyskinesia, or involuntary shaking. There may also be recurrent seizures, keratoconus, and delayed growth and motor development. In severe cases, the child may also have mental and speech delays, which are often referred to as neonatal cerebral palsy. In conclusion, if the child was born with hypoxia or prematurely, it is important to look for any of these abnormalities. If so, an MRI of the brain or a cranial CT should be performed immediately and treatment measures such as hyperbaric oxygen rehabilitation should be taken as soon as possible.