Surgical treatment of lung cancer, i.e., surgical treatment, should in principle strive for surgical resection of any lung cancer lesion with surgical conditions and indications. Surgical treatment is mainly applicable to early stage lung cancer cases and radical surgery, which has the most clinical benefits and the longest average survival. In addition to radical surgery, there are also palliative surgery, tumor reduction surgery and decompensation surgery for lung cancer, which can also remove tumor cells to a certain extent and are also one of the means to treat lung cancer. Since lung cancer surgical treatment is so important, who are the patients who can receive surgery to remove lung cancer and who cannot receive surgical treatment? The indications for lung cancer surgery (i.e. the conditions that have the opportunity to receive surgery) mainly depend on the clinical stage of the patient. The most suitable lung cancers for surgical treatment are stage I and II non-small cell lung cancer (lung cancer types other than small cell lung cancer) and some selected stage IIIA lung cancers. Patients with N2 who have clear mediastinal lymph node metastasis on imaging should not undergo immediate surgical resection. As for stage III B and IV lung cancer, surgery should not be listed as the primary treatment. To receive surgical treatment, in addition to meeting the indications for lung cancer surgical treatment, the patient’s systemic status and cardiopulmonary function should be comprehensively evaluated to exclude contraindications to lung cancer surgical treatment (i.e. conditions that cannot receive surgical treatment). At present, the main contraindications to lung cancer surgery are as follows: (1) Stage IIIB and IV patients with definite clinical diagnosis; (2) patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction; (3) patients with repeated angina attacks, especially frequent attacks or myocardial infarction within the past 3 months; (4) patients with a history of cerebrovascular accident within the past 3 months; (5) patients with contraindications to anesthesia or other contraindications to surgery; (6) patients with severe cachexia (6) those who have severe malignant disease or other major organ functions that cannot tolerate the surgery. Generally speaking, the doctor will carefully assess the patient’s clinical stage and evaluate the patient’s physical status based on the results of various tests to decide whether surgery is possible. Therefore, please ask your doctor for this point. It should be emphasized again that although the complications of surgery increase with the age of the patient, advanced age is not a contraindication to surgery when there is no combination of other concomitant diseases. stage I and II lung cancer patients over 70 years of age and stage I lung cancer patients over 80 years of age may still safely undergo lung cancer surgery.