In the past, pediatric surgical diseases were handled by general surgeons, and when pediatric surgery was separated from general surgery, it became a separate specialty. This is because pediatric has its special diseases and their pathophysiological characteristics determined by. Pediatric is not a microcosm of adult, and the theory of general surgery cannot be applied to pediatric patients in a simple and mechanical way, nor is the operation method of general surgery applied to pediatric patients in a proportionally smaller way in terms of technology. Pediatric patients suffer from many diseases that do not occur in adults, and congenital developmental malformations of various systems and organs need to be corrected in the neonatal or infant period, forming a unique part of pediatric surgery. The stress response of the pediatric organism to disease, anesthesia and surgery is quite different from that of adults, therefore, the pre-surgical preparation and post-surgical management also have their own special characteristics. For example, pediatric patients are prone to water-electrolyte disorders, so it is especially important to master this knowledge during the treatment and care process, otherwise it will be detrimental to the child and even life-threatening. The nursing work of pediatric surgery is also demanding, both with the knowledge and experience required of pediatric internal medicine nurses, but also familiar with the characteristics of pediatric surgical diseases and surgical nursing, always observe changes in the condition and timely treatment, in order to get a smooth recovery.