From the initial cases used, this collagen product is easy to use, does not require a pre-operative procedure to obtain the patient’s articular surface cartilage as seed cells for repairing cartilage defects, and does not require a lengthy (approximately 5 weeks) expensive in vitro cellular procedure in a single procedure. Over the decades, the articular surface cartilage repair technique has evolved through several eras. Initially, the technique was bone marrow stimulation, and the representative procedure is the most common clinical microfracture procedure, which is performed by drilling tiny bone holes deeper than 8 mm, 2 mm in diameter, and 2-3 mm apart in the area of articular surface cartilage defect. The bone marrow blood flows out of these holes and coagulates to form a clot, and the bone marrow stem cells in the clot gradually form a crust in the unique environment of the joint, which eventually forms fibrocartilage tissue to fill the defect. This technique is simple and effective, with good short-term results. However, the newly formed repair tissue is not true articular surface cartilage, and this tissue will turn into bone tissue and harden in about 5 years, losing its cartilage function. Later, chondrocyte transplantation techniques emerged, such as surgically removing a small amount of cartilage cells from the patient, then culturing and expanding them in vitro, before injecting them into the patient’s cartilage defect, covered with periosteum or artificial membrane. This method requires two surgeries and has the more obvious disadvantage that cartilage cells are easily lost. This technique prevents the loss of transplanted chondrocytes, but also requires surgery on both sides and is more painful for the patient. After summarizing the results of the loaded chondrocyte carriers, scientists found that after implanting the collagen carriers without cells into the cartilage defect, the free cells in the patient’s joint would also migrate into the carriers and form a “cartilage surface” with chondrocytes. This eliminates the need for surgery to retrieve the patient’s cells, eliminates the lengthy cell culture expansion process, and reduces costs. Therefore, this should be the fourth generation of cartilage repair technology. We have reason to believe that this method of cartilage surface repair will also be effective in Chinese patients.