What do you mean by “dosage forms of drugs”? We may use a variety of drugs, some are pills to be taken, some are drops to be drunk, some are injections to be given, some are creams to be applied on the skin surface …… Before any drug is supplied for clinical use, it must be made into a form suitable for medical and preventive applications, and this form is called the drug The dosage form of the drug. Oral medications are one of the most commonly used dosage forms. For different dosage forms of drugs, there are different methods of administration, and today we will introduce to you the correct way to take oral drugs. You may think that taking a pill is a simple matter: first take the pill into your mouth, then take a sip of water, then tilt your head back and swallow the pill and water at the same time. We know that the whistling tract is a channel for the transmission of gas, the pharynx is a cross between the digestive tract and the whistling tract, the front of which is connected to the nasal cavity, the mouth and the larynx from top to bottom. Above the larynx is attached an epiglottis cartilage shaped like an acacia leaf. When swallowing normally, the epiglottis cartilage closes to prevent foreign bodies from entering the trachea and food from entering the esophagus; when whistling, the epiglottis cartilage opens and air enters the trachea. When a person tilts his or her head, the airway will be opened to expose the vocal cords, and eating at this time will cause food to enter the trachea without taking the normal pathway and choking, if it is a young person with strong organ coordination, it may not hurt for a while, but for the elderly with degenerative organ function, it is very dangerous. What is the correct posture for taking medicine? Wash your hands and pour a glass of warm water; take a sip of water to moisten your throat and esophagus; take the medicine into your mouth, then obliterate a mouthful of water and swallow the medicine like you would normally swallow something, followed by a few more sips of water; do not lie down immediately after taking the medicine, it is best to stand or walk around for a minute so that the medicine can enter the stomach completely. How to choose the time to take medicine? Some drugs should be taken before meals: acid suppressants and drugs for gastritis such as omeprazole, colloidal bismuth, etc.; gastric power drugs (morpholine) taken before meals to enhance the efficacy; pancreatic enzymes, lactase raw before meals to promote digestion; food to reduce the absorption of antihypertensive drugs captopril (30%-40%); glucose-lowering drugs such as glucophage and Damacell can better reduce postprandial blood sugar. Some drugs should be taken at the same time as meals: the glucose-lowering drug Bactrim, chewed with the first bite of rice to better lower blood sugar; the lipid-lowering drugs Lipitor and Zyrtec, absorbed well during meals; the antihypertensive drug Daliquan, absorbed slowly during meals to reduce the occurrence of postural hypotension side effects. Some drugs should be taken after meals: anti-inflammatory painkillers: anti-inflammatory pain, aspirin, indomethacin, piroxicam, taken after meals can reduce the stimulation of the gastric mucosa; vitamins: vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin B complex taken after meals in the stomach for a long time, more completely absorbed; digestive drugs multi-enzyme tablets taken 15 minutes after meals, so that drugs and food mixed together to maximize effectiveness. Some patients feel that “serious illnesses should be treated by Mongolian medicine” and increase the dose without authorization. Patients with hypertension have an excessive amount of antihypertensive drugs → blood pressure drops to the extent that it is not enough to perfuse the heart muscle and brain tissue → myocardial ischemia and cerebral infarction! Some patients whose symptoms disappear, reduce or stop the dosage without authorization Anti-hypertensive drugs reduce or stop the dosage without authorization, blood pressure immediately bounces back, and when symptoms appear take the drug again, repeated fluctuations deteriorate faster! Anti-epileptic drugs are dangerous to induce seizures if they are reduced, stopped or missed without permission! Therefore, the dosage must be reduced or stopped only on medical advice! Some drugs are coated with a sugar coating, which does not cover the bitter taste and increases the irritation to the digestive tract; some drugs are coated with an enteric coating (such as Biaxin and Gevalt), which dissolves in the stomach if chewed, increasing the irritation to the stomach; some drugs are slow-release or controlled-release tablets (such as Boeotin and Biaxin), which are chewed and absorbed rapidly throughout the day, resulting in a sudden drop in blood pressure. How should some oral medications commonly used in neurosurgery be taken? Carbamazepine (trade name: Deltodine): Anti-epileptic drug. Take with clear water, preferably immediately after meals, to reduce gastrointestinal reactions. Adverse reactions such as blurred vision, diplopia, and nystagmus are more common. Consider discontinuing the drug if these conditions occur. Sodium valproate extended-release tablets (trade name: Depakene): Anti-epileptic drug. It should be swallowed whole or broken in half, but should not be crushed or chewed. It is not recommended to be taken during pregnancy because it may cause malformations in the newborn. Levetiracetam: an antiepileptic drug. Liver function should be monitored regularly while taking the drug. If severe liver function abnormalities occur, the dose administered should be adjusted as prescribed by the doctor. The most common adverse reactions include drowsiness, fatigue and dizziness, and should not be used in pregnant women if not necessary. Oxcarbazepine Tablets: Anti-epileptic drug. It can be taken on an empty stomach or with food. This drug should be contraindicated in atrioventricular block. Dobutamine Tablets (trade name: Medobar): Used for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s syndrome. It should be contraindicated in pregnant and lactating women. it should not be taken under 25 years of age. Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to levodopa, benserazide or excipients. For long-term use, blood cells as well as liver and kidney function should be checked regularly. Mecobalamin: Nerve-nourishing drug. Contraindicated in patients with hypersensitivity to methylcobalamin or any of the excipients prescribed. This product should not be taken in large quantities over a long period of time by workers who work with mercury and its compounds. Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets (trade name: Eugenol):Replacement therapy for hypothyroidism, and adjuvant therapy for hyperthyroidism with anti-thyroid drugs. The daily dose should be given in a single dose with appropriate liquid (e.g. half a glass of water) on an empty stomach half an hour before breakfast; infants and children should take the full dose of this product at least half an hour before the first meal of the day, which can be made into a suspension by mashing the tablets with an appropriate amount of water. Prednisone acetate tablets: can enhance the body’s tolerance, reduce the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, reduce the lipid peroxidation reaction and hormone replacement therapy. Pregnant women should not use it without authorization and must consult a physician before use. Lactating mothers who receive large doses of drugs should not breastfeed to prevent excretion of drugs through breast milk, which may cause adverse effects such as growth inhibition in infants. Glucocorticoids are prone to hypertension and osteoporosis in elderly patients, especially in post-menopausal women. Bromocriptine Mesylate Tablets: Treatment of diseases associated with hyperprolactin symptoms. Take with meals and limit alcohol during medication. Many patients may experience nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness or fatigue in the first few days after taking the drug, but discontinuation is not required. Antiemetic medications such as multiplied dizziness, tularemia, and gastrofacial can suppress nausea and dizziness if taken 1 hour before taking the medication. Desmopressin acetate tablets (trade name: Mydriatic): For the treatment of central enuresis, and nocturnal enuresis in patients over 6 years of age. Use with caution in very young patients. Urine output should be closely recorded after taking the drug. When treating nocturnal enuresis, water intake should be restricted 1 hour before and 8 hours after taking the medication. Aspirin effervescent tablets (trade name: Bamil): For fever reduction and relief of mild to moderate pain. How to take: Dissolve in warm boiled water and take. Absolutely forbidden to take directly by mouth! In case of persistent fever or pain, the medication may be repeated at intervals of 4-6 hours and should not exceed 4 tablets in 24 hours. Please inform your doctor if the patient or the patient’s family has any of the following medical conditions: asthma, nasal polyp syndrome, gout, cardiac insufficiency, rhinorrhea, history of hemolytic anemia, hemophilia or thrombocytopenia, active ulcer disease. In the process of treating diseases in human beings, more than 80% of the drugs are taken by oral route, please follow the doctor’s advice and take the drugs reasonably, do not change the doctor’s advice!