Obesity is not only a single disease, it can cause abnormalities in many systems of the body, such as the circulatory system, digestive system, respiratory system, etc., through the role of the body’s metabolism, which seriously endangers the health and life of human beings and becomes the “culprit” of many diseases. Increase the occurrence of diabetes, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, ischemic cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular disease, gallstone disease and certain cancers, bone and joint disease, polycystic ovary syndrome. Obesity affects almost all organs in the body.
1, cardiovascular system damage.
(1) lipid metabolism disorder: abnormal fat metabolism is the basic feature of obesity.
(2) hypertension: people suffering from hypertension, the heart will work more strenuously than healthy people. And the heavier a person is, the more likely he or she is to suffer from hypertension. Even with mild hypertension, before the age of 65, the chance of having a stroke is three times higher than that of people with normal blood pressure, and the number of people who die as a result will be l times higher.
Heart function damage: even if the cholesterol is very low obese people, the chance of heart disease will be significantly higher than normal people, because fat will adhere to the walls of blood vessels. Excess fat, not only will affect the appearance, it will also make the blood does not get enough oxygen, in order to compensate for this situation, the body will create an excess of red blood cells, so that the blood becomes sticky, the flow of slow speed. Excessive obesity, the heart will be overworked and dilated, weakened, serious “congestive heart failure”. Research shows that obesity is more likely to lead to heart disease than smoking.
2, endocrine and metabolic changes: diabetes: researchers have found that, because too many fat cells need the pancreas to secrete too much insulin, in order to make the blood sugar into energy. When the pancreas does not win the load, the function will be weakened, so the sugar in the blood increases, can not be fully utilized and discharged from the body. Women who are obese are four times more likely to develop diabetes than women with normal body size. And 70% of diabetic patients are obese. Patients with diabetes caused by obesity will improve their condition after losing weight, and the metabolic function of sugar will return to normal.
A particularly obese woman will secrete too much estrogen in her body. When there is too much estrogen and too little luteinizing hormone, she may develop edema or cerebral swelling, and her weight will be heavier. Obese women are often prone to menstrual irregularities, such as excessive cycle length, irregularity, large flow, and hirsutism – a kind of hormone imbalance caused by the body hair abnormal growth.
3, liver and biliary system diseases: obese people have excess body fat, resulting in increased cholesterol synthesis, so that cholesterol in the bile is supersaturated, conducive to the formation of cholesterol stones.
4, lung function abnormal: obesity causes the chest wall and abdominal fat thickening, so that the lung capacity decreases, lung capacity decreases and affects the normal lung gas exchange function. And because of insufficient ventilation, may cause erythrocytosis, causing vascular embolism. In severe cases, pulmonary hypertension, heart enlargement and infarct heart failure may occur. Because of the accumulation of fat, may also affect the activity of cilia in the trachea, so that it can not play a normal function.
5, skin diseases: because fat people sweat more, so it will destroy the original function of the skin to prevent infection. Fat people are prone to eczema, red rash, scabies and other skin diseases. And often in the waist, thighs and other places appear stretch mark-like lines, called obesity lines, is due to the rapid growth of dermal tissue when the break produced. In addition, because of the heart hypertrophy, venous blood return slow blockage, also easy to lead to varicose veins.
6, joint lesion: because the obese person bone joint need to bear the weight is larger, so it is easier to make the joint aging, damage and get osteoarthritis. Because your whole body weight are supported by the foot, so toenail deep in the meat, corns, calluses and all kinds of foot disease are most likely to happen in obese people.
7, cancer: the American Cancer Society research found that a person’s weight, more than the average weight of people of the same age 40% heavier, the chance of endometrial cancer is 5.4 times the normal; the chance of gallbladder cancer is 3.8 times; the chance of cervical cancer is 2.4 times the normal; the chance of breast cancer is 1.5 times.
Other effects include more likely snoring, endocrine disorders, and reduced quality of sex life.
It has been shown that maintaining an ideal weight is definitely the way to health. Even a slightly overweight person is not as healthy as a thin person. Then, weight loss is not just about appearance and beauty, but also about physical health.
In summary, obesity can trigger insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes through a variety of ways, and intensify the occurrence and development of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications, so weight loss is one of the important countermeasures for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. For obese patients with type 2 diabetes, reducing their body weight will significantly improve the control level of blood glucose and lipids and reduce the dosage of hypoglycemic drugs. In one study, weight loss was associated with the following figures: a 25% reduction in overall mortality and a 28% reduction in mortality from cardiovascular disease and diabetic syndrome. For these patients, weight loss can be of great benefit.
Current measures to reduce body weight include the following.
1, low-fat diet Less high-fat and high-sugar diet, more vitamin-rich and high-fiber foods, appropriate intake of vegetable oils, dairy products and eggs to supplement the body vitamins and proteins, regulate and improve the body’s material and energy metabolism, improve IR and diabetes.
2. Appropriate exercise Appropriate exercise can consume fat to produce energy and heat, which is conducive to regular muscle contraction exercise, improve heart, lung and blood vessel function, and increase insulin sensitivity.
3. Correcting bad habits, maintaining a good lifestyle, quitting smoking and drinking, ensuring physiological sleep and not eating more are also effective ways to improve insulin resistance.
4 .Medication The more popular GLP-1 receptor agonist belongs to enterostatin, which can stimulate the regeneration and repair of pancreatic islet cells, increase the number of Beta cells and reduce Beta cell tone, bringing the gospel to the majority of type 2 diabetes patients, in addition, GLP-1 can also act on the brain center, so that the brain is aware of soon after we eat “full”, while acting on the stomach to help regulate the rate of gastric emptying so that the nutrients consumed are not quickly absorbed into the bloodstream. This has the advantage of not allowing patients to overeat and avoiding a rapid rise in blood sugar after meals. What’s more, patients not only have lower blood sugar, but also can lose weight, so it can be a two-pronged approach. Improve insulin resistance, especially suitable for obese type 2 diabetes, and can be the cause and symptomatic treatment.
5, the implementation of surgical treatment gastric bypass surgery ( GBP) treatment morbid obesity, combined with type 2 diabetes patients in the postoperative weight loss significantly, blood sugar also quickly returned to normal, and even some patients do not need to use hypoglycemic drugs to maintain. The incidence of diabetes-related complications and mortality rates were greatly reduced, and patients showed promising changes such as lower systolic blood pressure, improved dyslipidemia, and reduced risk of cardiovascular disease after surgery. Therefore, metabolic surgery has become one of the options for the treatment of T2 DM, but there are certain risks associated with metabolic surgery, so how to make the surgical treatment more standardized and benefit more patients with T2 DM on the basis of standardized treatment is a current issue of concern.