Acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain, especially pain originating from the posterior spinal nerve branch, has a high prevalence, and the posterior spinal nerve branch is the main afferent central pathway for extravertebral injurious stimuli that cause low back pain. In recent years, as research on acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain continues, the problem of pain originating from the posterior branch of the spinal nerve has received increasing attention. This type of pain has a high incidence, accounting for approximately 80% of nonspecific low back pain, and the nature and distribution of the pain is usually not as obvious as that of the anterior branch of the spinal nerve, often causing diagnostic difficulties. Conventional therapies are less effective and the condition is prone to recurrent episodes. Diagnosis Acute and chronic episodes of lumbosacral pain may be accompanied by pain in the buttocks and lower extremities, but the lower extremity pain is confined to the thigh and does not extend downward beyond the knee joint. There is no abnormality of sensation, reflex and muscle strength in the lower extremities. There is no significant abnormality in the imaging of the lumbar spine, and sometimes physiological bending changes and vertebral rotation are seen. There may or may not be a history of lumbar injury. Sometimes secondary to postoperative lumbar disc and vertebral compression fracture. Exclusion of visceral diseases causing low back pain. Presence of spinous and paravertebral pressure pain at 2 to 3 vertebrae above the area of chief complaint pain. It is characterized by pressure pain at the spinous process of this vertebra, the small joint on the painful side, and the transverse process on the painful side, with pain dispersion to the chief complaint area. The transverse root pressure point (Shaw’s point) has special diagnostic significance as a somatic projection point of the posterior branch of the spinal nerve trunk across the transverse process of the inferior vertebral body. Clinically, it should be distinguished mainly from lumbar disc herniation, spinal stenosis, isthmic fracture of the vertebral arch, vertebral slippage, arthritis, osteoporosis, lumbago of visceral origin, and tumor. Treatment 1.Posterior branch block of lumbar spinal nerve; 2.Posterior branch block of spinal nerve in the intervertebral foramen; 3.For some patients with persistent posterior branch of lumbar nerve pain, if the efficacy of nerve block by conventional anti-inflammatory and analgesic solution is not obvious or recurred within a short period of time, nerve destruction or resection can be considered; 4.Physiotherapy, appropriate physical therapy is effective for posterior branch of spinal nerve pain. It can effectively improve lumbar stiffness, release local muscle and peripheral vascular spasm state, promote blood circulation, and accelerate the removal of inflammatory metabolites from the lesion. Some treatments, such as laser or ultralaser, can produce partial nerve block when irradiating the nerve root trunk. It is especially indicated for use in elderly and frail patients with drug allergies. Prevention During acute attacks of pain, bed rest should be observed. During the period of pain relief, attention should be paid to lumbar health care, avoiding catching cold and overwork, changing bad living and working habits, such as prolonged seating and strengthening the exercise of lumbar back muscles, etc., which can prevent pain attacks to some extent.