After optic nerve atrophy, the fundus of the eye usually shows a pale color of the optic disc, thin blood vessels, and the cup-to-disc ratio becomes particularly large, which is only 0.3 in normal conditions, but the cup-to-disc ratio in optic nerve atrophy is usually more than 0.5, and in severe cases, it may even reach 1.0. Currently, there is no definite and effective method for the treatment of this disease. There are many causes of optic nerve atrophy, such as common intracranial space-occupying diseases, orbital neoplastic diseases, orbital trauma, optic neuritis, glaucoma, and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy. In order to avoid the appearance of optic nerve atrophy, it is important to detect the cause of the disease and treat it early. For the above-mentioned occupying diseases, surgery can be performed early to relieve the compression to avoid optic nerve atrophy; glaucoma should be treated early to lower the intraocular pressure; optic neuritis and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy need to be treated with glucocorticosteroid shock therapy early. Only by stabilizing the condition at an early stage can optic nerve atrophy be avoided.