The dilatation, tortuosity and elongation of the spermatic plexus are called varicocele. Varicocele is most commonly seen in young and middle-aged men, with a prevalence of 15% in the adult male population, 40% in male infertility, and 20% in combined pain and discomfort. It is currently known to be an important cause of male infertility. The treatment of varicocele is mainly surgical and the main surgical procedures are open transinguinal surgery, laparoscopic spermatic ligation and microscopic spermatic ligation. Microscopic spermatic vein ligation can ligate the veins more thoroughly, preserving the arteries and lymphatic vessels, improving semen quality significantly after surgery, with quick recovery and fewer complications. It has obvious advantages compared with traditional surgery and has become the gold standard for varicocele surgery.