The cervical cancer vaccine has been marketed in China only in recent years. Currently, there are mainly bivalent, quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines, which have different effects and can be administered at local health prevention stations. Currently, only cervical cancer can be vaccinated, and only cervical cancer can be detected in advance through routine screening. Different vaccines work differently, for example, the bivalent vaccine is effective mainly against HPV types 16 and 18, the quadrivalent vaccine is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18, and the nine-valent vaccine is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. However, the current vaccine does not combat all types of HPV infections, nor does it treat pre-existing HPV infections or reduce the associated damage caused by pre-existing infections. In addition, cervical cancer vaccination is best chosen before puberty or an active sex life, and is avoided during pregnancy. It is possible to receive any type of vaccine while breastfeeding, and it is not necessary to test for HPV infection before vaccination, which is usually done routinely three times. In conclusion, even after receiving the cervical cancer vaccine, cervical cancer screening should be performed as usual, after all, the current vaccine cannot cover all types of HPV infection, and high-risk HPV infection and persistent HPV infection are closely related to the occurrence of cervical cancer.