Interstitial pneumonia has no specific symptoms before the end of life, and in the late stages it usually manifests as progressive dyspnea, irritating, persistent, and severe dry cough, cyanosis, weakness, and central respiratory failure, malnutrition, and multiple organ failure caused by dyspnea. Interstitial pneumonia is a pathological change of interstitial fibrosis of the lungs triggered by various causes. The patient’s lung function is severely impaired and ventilation dysfunction occurs, which in turn leads to progressive dyspnea. Typical signs of hypoxia, such as cyanosis of the lips and mouth, may also develop. The patient is susceptible to other infections and develops an irritating, persistent, and severe dry cough, which may even lead to infectious shock. The patient’s persistent high fever leads to generalized weakness, which in turn leads to respiratory failure, cardiac failure, and multi-organ failure. In the advanced stage of interstitial pneumonia, the patient suffers from generalized malnutrition, multiple organ insufficiency, ineffective antibiotic and hormone therapy, and progressive decline in lung function, leading to the phenomenon of ventilator dependence. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment of interstitial pneumonia are necessary to avoid rapid deterioration of the disease.