Structural anomalies account for the majority of precocious heart disease in children. As children are growing and developing, the structure and function of their organs and systems differ from those of adults, and therefore the spectrum of disease in children differs significantly from that of adults. In simple terms, diseases caused by abnormal fetal development are “congenital” and may manifest at birth, but may not manifest until childhood or even adulthood. For the cardiovascular system, common pediatric diseases can be roughly divided into four major categories: 1. arrhythmias, which can be congenital or caused by diseases secondary to myocarditis after birth. Serious arrhythmias such as congenital atrioventricular block can be detected during fetal heart monitoring during pregnancy. 2, abnormal functional diseases, mainly refers to the basic normal cardiovascular structure but abnormal function, including a variety of cardiomyopathies, including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ventricular muscle densification insufficiency, etc., these belong to the broad sense of “congenital diseases”. In addition, there are also hypertension and pulmonary hypertension in children, which may be both congenital and secondary to other diseases. Infectious diseases, such as Kawasaki disease, myocarditis, infective endocarditis, pericarditis, etc., are more common and are acquired after birth. 4. Structural anomalous diseases, which refer to abnormal cardiovascular structures, most of which are congenital for children, are also commonly referred to as “congenital heart disease” (the following refers to structural anomalous congenital heart disease unless otherwise noted, referred to as “congenital heart disease”). “There are many different types of congenital heart disease, and according to the current nomenclature, there are probably hundreds of them, and the severity and treatment effects of different types of diseases vary greatly. The more common “simple” congenital heart diseases include ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, arteriovenous insufficiency, etc.; there are also “complex” congenital heart diseases, including tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular double outlet, aortic constriction, aortic arch dissection, pulmonary vein ectopic drainage The number of birth defects in China is very high. At present, structural precordial disease accounts for the first place in the statistics of birth defects in China, about 7‰ to 11‰, and is the most common congenital malformation. For cardiac arrhythmias, abnormal functional diseases, and infectious diseases, we mainly rely on symptomatic treatment with drugs, and some special cases also require surgical or interventional intervention, while structural anomalous heart diseases must rely on surgical or interventional procedures to achieve correction.