Surgery is not mandatory for a thyroid puncture and needs to be decided by a medical professional based on the patient’s condition. If the thyroid gland is benign and not cancerous after the puncture, surgery may not be necessary and the condition can be improved by conservative treatment. If it is malignant after the puncture test, it usually requires surgical resection and may need to be followed by radiotherapy or chemotherapy to prevent further aggravation of the condition. Specific treatment methods need to follow the doctor’s advice. You should consult your doctor about the need for surgery after thyroid puncture, actively cooperate with the treatment, and improve your bad habits. If you find any discomfort, consult your doctor promptly.