Atrial hypertrophy includes left atrial hypertrophy and right atrial hypertrophy, left atrial hypertrophy may be seen in rheumatic heart valve disease, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, right atrial hypertrophy is seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, repeated pulmonary embolism. 1. Rheumatic heart valve disease: often involving the mitral valve causing stenosis, when the stenosis is severe, the left atrium to the left ventricle blood flow is significantly impeded, blood stagnation in the left atrium, causing left atrial hypertrophy. 2. Hypertension: when the blood pressure is poorly controlled for a long time, the pressure load on the left heart increases, left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction occur, the resistance of blood flow from the atrium to the ventricle increases, and the blood accumulates in the left atrium, causing left atrial hypertrophy. 3. Atrial fibrillation: this kind of patients will have left atrial hypertrophy. 4. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): these patients have impaired airway function, increased resistance, increased pulmonary artery pressure, increased resistance to blood flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle, causing right atrial hypertrophy. 5. Pulmonary embolism: recurrent pulmonary embolism in some patients leads to increased pressure in the pulmonary artery, resulting in right ventricular enlargement, including right atrial hypertrophy. 6. Pulmonary valve stenosis: Stenosis of the pulmonary valve leads to obstruction of blood ejection from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery, increasing the pressure in the right ventricle, and then right atrial hypertrophy occurs. In case of atrial hypertrophy, it is recommended to consult the cardiology department for examination to clarify the cause of the disease and guide the treatment.