Introduction to Sandplay Therapy

    Sandplay is a psychological diversion and a method of psychotherapy and counseling using sand, sand trays, and miniature models of the person or object in question.  In a free, protected space, visitors are brought into contact with the unconscious and express hyper-verbal experiences and blocked energies by manipulating psychic stories with various models and toys in the sand tray. This contact and expression promotes the power of activation, restoration, transformation, healing, and renewal, and contributes to the maintenance of the visitor’s mental health, the cultivation of imagination and creativity, and the development of personality and growth of mindfulness.  The emphasis on the spontaneity and autonomy of the creative process itself is the basic feature of sandplay therapy, and the full use of nonverbal communication and symbolic meaning is the essential feature of sandplay therapy. In addition, the basic principle of this therapy is that it gives people maximum freedom of imagination, allowing them to carefully construct and develop various themes in their own minds at will. It has become one of the most mature and effective therapeutic methods in foreign countries, and has been widely used in psychoanalysis and psychotherapy, as well as in related psycho-education, and a group of professional sand tray psychotherapists have been formed.  Inspired by Jung’s active imagination technique and his theory, sandplay as a therapeutic method was finally formed and introduced in the 1960s through the continuous efforts of Lowenfeld and Dora Kalf, together with the inspiration of ancient traditions and the spontaneous expression of children’s nature. At the beginning, it was mainly for children, but now it has been gradually extended to the psychoanalysis and treatment of adults.  The sand game has two basic elements: sand and miniature models of people or objects. Sand is one of the most popular materials for children to play with, and almost everyone has had the experience of playing with sand when they were children, and children from different countries and different periods are almost no exception. The fluidity and plasticity of sand allow people to use their imagination to build castles, villages, mountains and rivers, and anything else in their mind. Because sand grains are formed by the weathering of rocks on the earth’s surface, sand is also considered an ideal material for pouring and shaping symbolic reflections of the world; as Blake wrote in Songs of Innocence, we can “see the whole world in a grain of sand”. Sandplay therapy is based on Jung’s analytical psychology, especially his theory of the unconscious and his invention of active imagery techniques. Because sandplay is a non-verbal, unconscious level of communication, it is a good and effective method of communication and therapy for those who cannot easily communicate with words, such as children, people with speech disorders, autistic people, depressed people and introverted visitors.  In addition to the increasing number and variety of miniature models available, the practice of sandplay therapy has gradually shifted from children to adults and from patients to all normal people. In addition, sandplay therapists are increasingly interested in the value of the ancient symbols that appear in the sandplay. These symbols include gods and goddesses, creatures of the wilderness, and legends about heroes. Their value to the sandplay therapist lies in the deeper knowledge of the therapeutic process that can be gained by recognizing that there is a connection between the objects and symbols of the sandplay set and the archetypes of the ancient world. It is evident that the process of sandplay therapy touches not only the core of our emotions, i.e., psychological complexes, but also the unfathomable realm of the collective unconscious, i.e., various psychological archetypes. Therefore, sandplay therapy itself can play not only a psychological diagnostic and therapeutic role, but also a psychological counseling and educational role. The use of sandplay and its therapeutic methods in the normal educational process, especially with regard to imagination and creativity, is seen as a new development of sandplay therapy.