High-risk children are those who have risk factors for fetal and infant physical and mental development during the fetal, neonatal and subsequent developmental periods. Clinically, they are classified as: 1. High-risk factors in the fetal period, including early preterm abortion, infection during pregnancy, exposure to radiation during pregnancy, maternal hypertension, intrauterine distress, placental dysplasia, placenta praevia, and expectant rounding of the neck. 2. High-risk factors during labor and delivery, including asphyxia, obstructed labor, cesarean section, birth injury, etc. 3.High-risk factors in the neonatal period, including prematurity, low birth weight, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, hyperbilirubinemia, infectious diseases, etc. 4.High-risk factors in infancy, including intracranial infection, cranial trauma, intracranial hemorrhage, poisoning, etc. 5. The potential risk for high-risk children is brain injury, the consequences of which can lead to cerebral palsy, mental retardation, epilepsy and behavioral abnormalities, many of which do not appear until 2-3 months after birth, or even school age.