The eleven criteria for confirming the diagnosis of SLE are as follows: First, erythema ischaemicum. Second, discoid erythema. Third, photosensitivity, which refers to a marked reaction to sunlight, causing a rash. Fourth, oral ulcers, which are usually painless. Fifth, arthritis manifests as a non-erosive arthritis involving two or more peripheral joints. Sixth, plasmacytitis, including pleurisy or pericarditis. Seventh, renal lesions, manifesting as positive urine protein. Eighth, neuropathy, manifested by seizures or psychosis. Ninth, hematologic disorders. Tenth, immunologic abnormalities. Eleventh, positive antinuclear antibody. If four of the above eleven items can be satisfied, the diagnosis of SLE can be confirmed.