Colostomy is one of the common surgical procedures. Improper care of rectal cancer stoma may lead to infection and seriously affect the postoperative survival quality of patients. Common complications of stoma should be paid attention to after surgery and be dealt with timely. 1. Parastomal hernia Parastomal hernia is an abdominal wall hernia related to the stoma. It is a more difficult complication to deal with, with a recent incidence of about 2%-20% and a long-term incidence of up to 37%, occurring on average 2 years after surgery. It is mainly caused by poor suturing of the colon and abdominal wall and excessive stitch distance. When malnutrition, hormonal drugs and difficulty in urination due to chronic cough or prostatic hyperplasia cause increased intra-abdominal pressure, the small intestine or omentum herniates into the skin from the gap between the colon and the abdominal wall to form a hernia. The incidence of stoma stenosis is 2%-10%. Stoma stenosis can occur in the near and distant future. In the early stage, it is mostly caused by obstruction of stoma blood flow, infection or narrow tunnel and small incision in the abdominal wall. Intraoperative attention should be paid to the incision of the skin and the anterior sheath should not be too small and should allow two fingers. The anterior sheath should be fixed to the colon with few stitches, not more than 4 stitches, or no stitches. Early postoperative period should be dilated regularly. In the late stage, plasmacytitis occurs due to fecal stimulation of the plasma membrane of the stoma, which leads to scar contracture and stenosis. 3, dermatitis around the stoma is mainly due to excrement and alkaline intestinal fluid contamination of the skin around the stoma, causing contact dermatitis. Some patients are also allergic to the stoma bag caused by dermatitis. For this complication, we should strengthen the care of the skin around the stoma, use the stoma bag reasonably, and reduce fecal contamination. In severe cases, zinc oxide ointment can be used externally, and antidiarrheal medication can be given in appropriate amounts to those with loose stools. The stoma irrigation can also be used to develop the habit of regular bowel movements. 4, stoma prolapse Most often occurs in the postoperative period of 2 to 7 months, the mucous membrane edema in the light case is ring-shaped prolapse, available hypertonic saline wet dressing. In severe cases, it is manifested as ectopic intussusception, which should be reset by manipulation, sclerotherapy injection or surgical fixation. The preventive measures include not to free the intestinal segment too long during surgery and not to make too large an incision in the abdominal wall. Constipation and other factors that increase abdominal pressure should also be avoided. 5, the incidence of stoma necrosis is 1%-10%, generally occurring 48 h after surgery, easy to occur in obese and emergency surgery patients. Most of the reasons for the occurrence of ischemic necrosis of the stoma caused by excessive tension when the stoma is put forward and excessive trimming of the mesentery at the stoma colon. The mucosa of the intestinal tube becomes black and loses its luster. Most often occurs in single-lumen stoma. Mostly due to insufficient freeing of the intestinal tube, the intestinal tube or the mesentery is dragged out in tension, thus affecting the blood transport and necrosis occurs. It can also be due to excessive trimming of the intestinal fat pendulous damage to the marginal artery and affect blood flow, or twisting or compression of the stoma intestinal tube and mesentery, as well as compression of the marginal artery by the double-lumen stoma support. The incidence of stoma retraction is about 6%, mainly due to the stoma intestinal tube freeing too short, stoma retraction restriction, and excessive anastomotic tension. In addition, the stoma abdominal wall incision is too large, obviously thicker than the intestinal canal, the stitch distance is too large, or the double-lumen stoma support is withdrawn too early can also cause stoma retraction. If stoma retraction occurs, the retracted stoma can be treated conservatively with close observation and enhanced trauma treatment; if the retraction is too large or has retracted into the abdominal cavity, surgery should be performed. Most often occur in the postoperative 2-7 months, the light mucosal edema is ring-shaped detachment, available hypertonic saline wet dressing. In severe cases, it is manifested as exenteric intussusception, which should be repositioned by manipulation, sclerotherapy injection or surgical fixation. The preventive measures include not to free the intestinal segment too long during surgery and not to make too large an incision in the abdominal wall. Constipation and other factors that increase abdominal pressure should also be avoided.