Hepatobiliary surgery is complex and generally involves a number of disease- and surgery-related tests and labs in addition to the routine tests necessary for surgery. However, patients are in the clouds about many of these tests and do not know why or what they mean. The following is a brief introduction to some of the preoperative tests required for hepatobiliary surgery: Yin Dalong, First Hospital of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Harbin Medical University, preoperative routine blood tests: mainly to observe whether there are abnormalities in the blood white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets, which can in one way reflect whether there is infection, anemia or bleeding tendency in the body, and also in some ways can help determine the severity of the disease, such as In the case of portal hypertension in cirrhosis, the platelet and white blood cell values can reflect the degree of hypersplenism. Urine routine: observation of indicators such as white blood cells, red blood cells, bilirubin and urine sugar in the urine can reflect the presence of urinary tract infections, stones, jaundice, etc. Coagulation: This is a mandatory test before all surgical procedures, which reflects whether the body has abnormal blood clotting, especially if the patient is on anticoagulant drugs. If the body has a prolonged clotting time, then postoperative bleeding is likely to occur, unless emergency surgery is performed, and in principle should be adjusted to the appropriate range before surgery. Hepatitis B and C, syphilis, AIDS: many patients are confused about checking these indicators, thinking that they are not related to these diseases why they go for unrelated tests? In fact, these tests are necessary before surgery because they are tests for some common infectious diseases, and the surgical instruments, dressings and sterilization of the operating room used by patients with these diseases require special treatment to prevent transmission to patients who do not have the disease. In a word, it is to be treated separately according to the laboratory results to prevent cross-infection. Liver function: The main indicators are transaminases, bilirubin and albumin, which can, to a certain extent, reflect the functional status of the liver, the existence of hepatocyte destruction, biliary tract obstruction, inflammation of the hepatobiliary system and other problems, especially for patients with hepatobiliary disease is a necessary test. Kidney function: mainly observes urea nitrogen, creatinine and uric acid, which are the basic indicators of kidney function and the main organ function that the body must know before surgery except for heart and lung function. Electrocardiogram: This is a necessary preoperative examination, the most basic response to whether the heart has arrhythmia, ischemia and other problems, if necessary, can be combined with cardiac ultrasound at the same time. Frontal and lateral chest radiographs: The most basic test to respond to lung disease, to find out whether there is inflammation, nodules and fluid in the lungs, etc. If problems are found, further examination with CT of the lungs is usually required. All of these tests are routine tests that must be performed before surgery, especially before hepatobiliary surgery. Even if they are not related to the disease itself, as long as surgery is involved, these basic tests are needed to comprehensively assess the general condition of the body, tolerance to surgery and anesthesia, and other issues. For some special tests related to hepatobiliary surgery, we will give you an introduction in the subsequent articles.