1.What are the complications of hydronephrosis caused by kidney stones? How to deal with it? The main complications of hydronephrosis are renal insufficiency and urinary tract infection. How to treat renal insufficiency caused by kidney stones depends on the specific situation to choose the plan. In case of unilateral hydronephrosis with kidney stone, if the opposite kidney is normal, the total kidney function of the patient is normal and the systemic impact is small, not to mention life-threatening. At this time, as long as the stone is removed, the kidney function will improve or return to normal. Bilateral hydronephrosis has a great impact on kidney function, and the patient’s symptoms are often very heavy, which can lead to acute renal failure or even uremia if not treated in time, and then methods such as placement of tubes should be taken to drain the urine as soon as possible to release the continued damage to the kidney. If hydronephrosis is complicated by urinary tract infection, anti-infective drugs should be used first, and then the stone should be treated after the infection is controlled, otherwise it may cause serious systemic sepsis and sepsis. If the drug treatment is not effective, percutaneous nephropuncture should be performed decisively to drain out the already infected urine by the easiest and fastest method. 2.When kidney stone combined with hydronephrosis, how to choose the treatment plan of stone? The treatment options for kidney stones include hydration therapy, diet therapy, medication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and surgery. Kidney stones combined with hydronephrosis indicate that the stones are large or have been obstructed for a long time, so an aggressive treatment approach should be taken. Patients with stones usually require more water, but when there is moderate to severe hydronephrosis, the total amount of water consumed should be controlled until the obstruction is removed, and not too much at a time, so as not to increase the burden on the kidneys. Diet and drug therapy are usually only used as adjunctive treatment because of their slow onset of action. As long as there is an indication, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy can be used because hydronephrosis does not affect the efficacy of extracorporeal shock wave, but if the effect of lithotripsy is still not obvious after 2-3 times, then it should be changed to surgery in time. Nowadays, medical conditions are better and people will seek medical treatment in time, so it is not common that kidney stones need to be removed, but there are still a few kidney stone patients who have been suffering from the disease for many years without effective treatment, and finally the whole kidney becomes waterlogged and atrophied, and the kidney function is basically or completely lost, and then the kidney can only be removed.