OVERVIEW
Overview
Pulmonary pneumocompression injury is a disease caused when the pressure within the lungs is too high or too low relative to the external ambient pressure, the lung tissue and pulmonary vessels are torn by the gas, and the gas within the alveoli enters the pulmonary vessels and the interstitial space of the torn tissue along the torn space, resulting in changes such as air bubble embolism and emphysema.
Whether medical insurance
Yes
Department
Respiratory Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Thoracic Surgery
Clinical symptoms
Chest pain, cough, shallow breathing, hemoptysis, cyanosis, and subcutaneous venous rage.
Hazards
Severe can be coma, paralysis, visual impairment and other signs of neurological damage.
Examination
Physical examination, etc.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is made on the basis of medical history, chest pain, dyspnea and circulatory dysfunction, and neurological symptoms.
Treatment principle
Pressurization and symptomatic treatment are the mainstays, and surgery is feasible when necessary.
Curability
Active treatment can improve the symptoms.
Dietary recommendations
Normal diet.
Etiology
Etiology
Often occurs during diving operations, hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Typical symptoms
1. respiratory system injury chest pain, cough, shallow breathing as the most common symptoms of pulmonary pneumocompression injury; pulmonary hemorrhage and hemoptysis is one of the characteristic manifestations, manifested as foamy blood flow from the mouth and nose, only a small amount of sputum in mild cases, and hemoptysis in severe cases; when emphysema and pneumothorax are present, it is often manifested as chest pain, respiratory difficulty, cyanosis, etc. 2. circulatory dysfunction cyanosis of the oral and lip mucous membranes, cardiac arrhythmia, and subcutaneous venous raging, etc. 3. Neurological injury may present with coma, paralysis, visual impairment, epileptiform convulsions, motor aphasia, vertigo, deafness, etc.
Diagnostic basis
1. history of rapid decompression. 2. symptoms mainly include respiratory system injury, circulatory dysfunction, neurological injury, etc. Common symptoms include chest pain, cough, shallow respiration, hemoptysis, cyanosis, and subcutaneous venous raging, etc. 3. physical examination of lungs often reveals scattered wet rales and weakened respiratory sounds, and turbid areas may be found on percussion; those with subcutaneous emphysema may find In cases of subcutaneous emphysema, a “twisting sound” may be detected.
Treatment
Treatment guidelines
Pressurization and symptomatic treatment are the mainstays, with surgery if necessary.
Medication
Symptomatic treatment is mainly carried out, and cardiotonic drugs, hemostatic drugs, cough suppressants, sedatives, etc. can be selected according to the condition, and antibiotics can be applied appropriately in order to prevent lung infection.
Surgery
Surgery can be performed if necessary, such as mediastinal emphysema is serious, surgical exhaustion is feasible.
Other treatments
1. Pressurization is the most important treatment method. 2. Keep the airway open and inhale oxygen in time. 3. Subcutaneous emphysema usually does not need to be treated, and wait for natural absorption. 4.
Prognosis
Aggressive treatment can improve the prognosis.
Nursing care
Daily care
1. Environment: keep the indoor air circulating, warm and sunny; improve the bad conditions such as dampness and darkness in the living environment, etc. 2. Rest and activities: patients should have enough rest, live a regular life, avoid exertion, and take activities without fatigue as long as they do not feel fatigue, and maintain enough sleep to prevent aggravation of the condition. 3. Prevention of infection: keep the environment clean and hygienic, and keep the patient’s body clean, so as to prevent spreading of the bacteria in the body. 4.
Diet regulation
Normal diet.