Neurosyphilis is a manifestation of stage 3 syphilis, which can be harmful to the patient’s health. Neurosyphilis is caused by the infection of syphilis spirochetes, which invades the central nervous system of the patient, leading to a series of symptoms. The patient’s brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves can be involved. The routes of syphilis infection include mother-to-child transmission, sexual behavior, and blood transmission. Neurosyphilis may only have cerebrospinal fluid abnormality in the early stage. As the disease progresses, symptoms such as fever, headache, vision loss, hearing loss, hemiparesis, incontinence, lower limb weakness, etc., and behavioral abnormality, cognitive disorders, dementia, depression, etc., may occur in the advanced stage. It is recommended that patients seek timely medical treatment. If neurosyphilis is diagnosed, standardized treatment is required as prescribed by the doctor.