I. Pulmonary function tests
1.Hold your breath
Take a deep breath and hold it for as long as possible. It is ideal to hold your breath for 50 seconds (30 seconds for 50 years old, 25 seconds for 60 years old), if it is less than 10 seconds, it means that the lung function is very poor.
2.Blowing
Take a deep breath, then blow hard, can blow within 3 seconds is normal lung function (50 years old for 4 seconds, 60 years old for 5 seconds). Middle-aged and elderly people blowing time more than 6 seconds, indicating a decline in lung function, there may be airway obstructive lung disease, most likely caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Second, cardiac function test
1.Trot in place for a while
Feel a slight shortness of breath, and increase the pulse rate to 100-120 times per minute. After stopping the activity, if the pulse rate returns to normal in 5-6 minutes, the heart function is good. If 8 minutes to recover, it means that the heart function is poor; more than 8 minutes, the heart function is problematic.
2.Climbing stairs
Middle-aged and elderly people climb 3-5 flights of stairs and feel their heart beat faster, some shortness of breath, but rest for 10 minutes to return to normal as good. If the heart feels like jumping out of the throat after climbing the stairs, and still feels shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing after resting for 20-30 minutes, or even the heartbeat is getting faster and faster, the heart function is obviously declining.
Third, arteriosclerosis examination
Sitting forward bending
Sit on the floor, straighten your legs forward, point your toes upward, bend forward at the waist, and stretch your arms forward in an effort to reach your toes. If you cannot reach your toes, or feel discomfort such as breathlessness and panic during the process of reaching your toes, it means that your arteries have hardened. When doing the above actions, the walls of the arteries are stretched, and if the walls of the blood vessels are hardened, discomfort will arise.
Diabetes screening
Unilateral eyelid ptosis
Sudden drooping of one eyelid in middle-aged and older adults is a sign of diabetes-induced arteriolar nerve palsy. Long-term chronic hyperglycemia can cause metabolic disturbances in the body, which can lead to diabetic microangiopathy and cause unilateral eyelid ptosis. Pain in the supraorbital area on the affected side, sometimes seeing things with double vision.
V. Glaucoma examination
Observe the pupil
The normal diameter of the pupil is 2-5 mm and round. An oval pupil is mostly a sign of glaucoma. When the intraocular pressure increases in glaucoma patients, the terminal ischemia of the arterial vessels is most pronounced, so the ischemia of the upper and lower iris is the earliest and heaviest, and ischemic atrophy of the iris becomes more pronounced, resulting in a vertical oval pupil.
Sixth, kidney disease examination
To check urine protein take 100 ml of fresh urine, put it in a vessel and heat it to boiling, the urine will appear cloudy. At this time, put 5-10 drops of white vinegar in the urine and heat it again, if the turbidity disappears, it means normal, if the turbidity does not disappear, it is proteinuria, which should be alarmed.
Seven, blood viscosity check
If the tongue is purple in color, it means the blood is sticky; if it is not only purple but also has purple spots, the blood is too sticky and has poor circulation and bruising.
Eight, osteoporosis examination
Measure the middle finger spacing
Straighten both hands horizontally to both sides and measure the straight line distance between the tips of the middle fingers of both hands, and then measure the height. If the height is less than the distance between the two fingers, it indicates osteoporosis and reduced bone density. If the height is 2-3 cm less than the distance between the fingertips, the X-ray photograph can show obvious osteoporosis.
Nine, lumbar disc herniation examination
Abdominal extension
Lie on your back, place both hands on the side of your body, take the occiput and both heels as pressure points, lift your abdomen upward, maintain the above position and hold your breath for 10-20 seconds, hold it until your face is flushed, if you feel lumbar pain and radiating pain in the lower limbs, it indicates a herniated lumbar disc. This test is to increase the pressure in the lumbar spinal canal by increasing the intra-abdominal pressure. If the lumbar disc herniation causes nerve root lesion, it will cause pain in the lower back and lower limbs.
X. Sacroiliac joint examination
Coiled leg test
Also known as the “4” test, lie on your back and place one foot bent inward on the other side of the straightened thigh. Ask a family member to press the opposite hip bone with one hand and press the bent knee down with the other hand, if there is pain in the hip, it means the sacroiliac joint is diseased. Sacroiliac joint disease is one of the common causes of back and leg pain, especially in the elderly.