Modalities of gallbladder stone treatment

  After years of clinical experience in the treatment of gallbladder stones, we have summarized it into “three”, namely minimally invasive, functional and individualized, as our guiding ideology and principles for the current and future treatment of gallbladder stones.  Minimally invasive Since the introduction of laparoscopic technology, many patients have been benefited. Compared with traditional open surgery, it not only achieves less trauma, smaller scars and faster recovery, but more importantly, because of its magnification, the abdomen is closed and the intra-abdominal operation is quite different from open surgery; for example, some important tissues, neurovascular, lymph nodes and other important structures can be seen very clearly and easily with laparoscopic technology when it is difficult to see with open surgery. For the elderly, traditional biliary surgery has to pass three hurdles: surgery, postoperative pulmonary complications, and incisional infection.  Second, functionalization Curing the disease and preserving the function of the organ at the same time is the most ideal state of treatment for people when they are faced with a disease or illness. Today, this dream has been realized in the treatment of some diseases. For example, cholecystic polypectomy for gallbladder polyps is suitable for most patients suffering from gallbladder polyps. Cholecystolithiasis treatment with biliary preservation is suitable for most young and middle-aged patients and some elderly patients, provided that the preserved gallbladder is functional. Therefore, the earlier the biliary preservation surgery is required, the better.  The biggest concern is the recurrence of stones after biliary preservation surgery. In order to reduce the recurrence of stones after surgery, the first step is to find the cause of stone formation as much as possible. We know that there are many causes of stone formation, but some of them are well established. For example, we found that about 25-30% of gallbladder stones are closely related to gallbladder malformation, and the formation of malformation is related to heredity; when the malformed part is removed during treatment and the normal gallbladder is preserved, the recurrence rate after surgery is very low; according to our observation, the remaining gallbladder can fully meet the physiological needs of human. Also the formation of cholesterol stones is closely related to cholesterol diet, if you pay attention to the diet, the probability of recurrence after surgery is very low.  Third, individualization For the treatment of gallbladder stones, the choice of the procedure should be individualized. This is because each person’s condition, lifestyle, and requirements for the gallbladder are not the same. Our current treatment model is laparoscopic with the following three procedures: 1) cholecystectomy, when the gallbladder is eligible for gallbladder preservation; 2) partial cholecystectomy, when the gallbladder is folded and deformed, the diseased gallbladder is removed and the normal gallbladder is preserved; 3) cholecystectomy, when heavy inflammation of the gallbladder, obstruction of the gallbladder duct, non-functional gallbladder or systemic conditions with severe metabolic diseases such as diabetes, severe hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, laparoscopic cholecystectomy should be performed.  Therefore, we have reasons to believe that minimally invasive, functional and individualized will become the standard mode of treatment for gallbladder diseases in the future.