Normal blood pressure is <120/80 mmHg, and hypertension is diagnosed if the systolic blood pressure is ≥140 mmHg, or the diastolic blood pressure is ≥90 mmHg. When the systolic blood pressure is between 120-140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure is between 80-90 mmHg, it is called normal high blood pressure. Hypertensive kidney damage is defined as kidney damage caused by hypertension. Normal individuals develop hypertension progressively more often with increasing age after the age of 20. Studies have shown that hypertension and increasing age are independent risk factors for decreased renal function. Intraglomerular hypertension caused by systemic hypertension is the main pathophysiological mechanism leading to hypertensive kidney damage. The main clinical manifestations of hypertensive kidney damage are proteinuria and impaired renal function. About 40% of patients with uncontrolled blood pressure will develop proteinuria. Proteinuria caused by hypertension is divided into microalbumin and overt proteinuria. An indicator of early kidney injury in hypertensive patients is the presence of urinary microalbumin. An increase in urinary microalbumin represents impairment of systemic vascular endothelial function and is a sign not only of kidney damage but also of poor cardiovascular and cerebrovascular prognosis in hypertensive patients. If a hypertensive patient has poorly controlled blood pressure and develops overt proteinuria, i.e., 1-2 grams of urine protein in 24 hours, this indicates damage to glomerular capillaries, resulting in increased permeability to macromolecules, a sign of further aggravation of kidney damage. At the same time, if hypertensive patients develop nocturia, it means that the concentration and dilution function of renal tubules is impaired, which also indicates organic kidney damage. Therefore, in addition to controlling blood pressure to meet the standard, patients with hypertension should also have their urine microalbumin checked regularly for early detection and treatment.