Diabetes can affect the eyes. A prolonged course of diabetes can lead to diabetic retinopathy, which causes changes in the eye tissue, nerves, and microcirculation of blood vessels, resulting in damage to the eye’s nutrition and visual function. Diabetic retinopathy can manifest as aneurysms, hemorrhagic spots, hard exudates, and cotton wool, vein beads, and other changes in the fundus. In severe cases, the patient may develop neovascularization of the retina, or optic disc, preretinal hemorrhage, and retinal detachment with traction, which can eventually lead to blindness. Therefore, patients with diabetic retinopathy are advised to control blood pressure, blood sugar and blood lipids, and monitor the progression of diabetes to avoid further development of diabetic retinopathy.