Spontaneous pneumothorax refers to the pathophysiological condition caused by the rupture of the dirty pleura without trauma or human factors, and the gas enters the pleural cavity resulting in the accumulation of air in the chest cavity. Pneumothorax without obvious lung lesions is called primary pneumothorax when formed by rupture of subpleural emphysema vesicles; secondary pneumothorax is called secondary pneumothorax when secondary to pleural and lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary tuberculosis. According to the pathophysiological changes, there are three types of pneumothorax: closed (simple), open (traffic) and tension (high pressure). Primary pneumothorax: the pneumothorax occurs in healthy people without obvious lung lesions, mostly in young adults aged 20 to 40 years old, mostly in men; usually due to congenital lung tissue hypoplasia, caused by the presence of small pulmonary blisters or pulmonary blisters under the pleura after breaking the wall, the lesion is often located in the apical part of the lung; 2. Secondary pneumothorax: the pneumothorax occurs secondary to various diseases of the lung, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis Pneumothorax secondary to various diseases of the lung, such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema, tuberculosis, lung cancer, etc. Secondary pneumothorax is caused by the rupture of the pulmonary blister under the formation of the original lung lesion or by direct damage to the pleura due to the lesion itself. Treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax: The key to treating pneumothorax is timely treatment. If it is a closed pneumothorax with heavy compression symptoms, immediate suction with a long needle, or closed drainage, and variable pressure pneumothorax must be exhausted immediately, otherwise it can be life-threatening in serious cases. For those who have a history of pneumothorax or emphysema, they should be careful against sudden excessive exertion, loud shouting and forceful stooling. Prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infection is also an important factor in preventing the occurrence of pneumothorax. If pneumothorax is not effective after thoracentesis or closed chest drainage, or if pneumothorax recurs again, surgical treatment should be performed. This is usually done by opening the chest and finding the area of air leakage for local suturing or removing the lesion. Conventional surgery is more invasive and the patient is more painful in the perioperative period. Now with the new technology of minimally invasive thoracoscopic treatment, it is naturally a blessing for patients. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax does not require opening the chest, one to three small holes of about 1 cm are made in the chest wall under anesthesia, a thoracoscope and operating instruments are placed, and after finding the outgassing lesion, the operation is performed under the thoracoscope, thus replacing open-chest surgery and completing the operation, which allows observation of the lung or chest lesion under direct vision and estimation of the possibility of lung reopening, so that diagnosis and treatment can be carried out simultaneously, avoiding the limitations of simple drainage and The patient can go down the same day after surgery. Patients can go down to the floor on the same day after surgery and can be discharged after 2 to 3 days after surgery, thus not affecting their studies or work.