Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in China, and there are currently about 200 million people with hypertension in China. What is hypertension? As the name suggests, it is the value of blood pressure that is outside the normal range. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends the use of blood pressure standards: normal adult systolic blood pressure should be less than or equal to 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure is less than or equal to 90 mmHg. If the blood pressure is measured several times, at least two consecutive systolic or diastolic blood pressure average in the above normal values, can be diagnosed as hypertension. You can also go to the hospital for a 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, if the 24-hour average blood pressure R130/80mmHg, can also be diagnosed as hypertension. But hypertension is not just elevated arterial blood pressure, it is more importantly a “cardiovascular syndrome”. In other words, in addition to elevated blood pressure, hypertension is often associated with other risk factors, target organ damage or comorbidities. Why does hypertension occur? In medicine, hypertension is divided into two categories, primary hypertension and secondary hypertension, depending on the cause of hypertension: primary hypertension, whose cause is not fully understood, is also called hypertensive disease and may be related to genetics, alcohol consumption, excessive salt intake, smoking, overweight, and excessive stress. Secondary hypertension is an increase in blood pressure secondary to certain well-defined diseases, such as renal vascular stenosis, adrenal tumors that secrete blood pressure-raising hormones, etc. After treatment of the primary disease, blood pressure can then fall. 90-95% of hypertensive patients belong to primary hypertension. The main danger of hypertension is that it can lead to coronary heart disease, stroke, uremia and other major diseases. Its dangerousness depends not only on the patient’s blood pressure level but also on the presence of other risk factors (e.g., smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, etc.), cardiac, cerebral, and renal target organ damage (e.g., proteinuria, myocardial hypertrophy, etc.), and other comorbidities (e.g., diabetes, renal disease, etc.). If a patient has more risk factors or diseases such as diabetes, the risk of future coronary heart disease and stroke is much higher than in patients with fewer concomitant conditions. Therefore, in the classification of hypertension, in addition to being classified as Grade 1, 2, or 3 hypertension based on blood pressure levels, risk stratification is also performed based on the concomitant conditions mentioned above to comprehensively assess the risk of future cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease in that patient. Therefore, all patients with hypertension should be fully aware of all of the above aspects of their condition. If some conditions are still unknown, they should visit a hospital as soon as possible and undergo a comprehensive examination under the guidance of a physician. The treatment of hypertension consists of two major components: firstly, blood pressure control, and at the same time, comprehensive intervention for the co-existing risk factors, target organ damage and comorbidities mentioned above. It is important to use long-acting medications based on lifestyle modification to keep blood pressure under 140/90 mmHg in a stable manner, and for high-risk groups with comorbidities such as diabetes or kidney disease, the target blood pressure should be even lower.