People often confuse the terms infertility and sterility, but in fact they have their own meanings. Strictly speaking, infertility refers to the inability to conceive, which is the inability of the woman to conceive due to the inability of the sperm to form a fertilized egg due to an obstacle in the union of the sperm and the egg. Infertility, on the other hand, is defined as male infertility when a couple has lived together for more than one year after marriage without using any contraception and the female partner is infertile due to the male partner. About 15% of couples worldwide are troubled by infertility, of which about 50% are caused by the male partner. The first thing we need to know about semen is that it is usually liquefied in a water bath at 35 to 37 degrees Celsius. Normal semen is milky white in color. 2. Sperm vitality refers to the ability of sperm to move forward. For ease of operation sperm vitality is divided into four grades: a, b, c and d. Level “a”: fast forward motion (i.e. speed ≥ 25μm/s at 37℃, or speed ≥ 20μm/s at 20℃). Class “b”: slow or sluggish forward motion. Class “c”: non-forward motion (<5μm/s). Class "d": no movement. Only sperm with forward motion are clinically likely to reach the site of fertilization. Therefore, WHO uses grade "a" ≥ 25% and grade "a+b" ≥ 50% as the reference values for normal semen sperm motility. While semen routine is only used as a reference for male fertility evaluation, it has many limitations and must be judged in conjunction with medical history. The medical history here mainly refers to the time when no contraceptive measures were used. We have observed clinically that many patients with low gonadotropin male infertility can get pregnant if there is a little sperm in the semen after medication, which confirms the importance of medical history; if there is a medical history and the male partner has normal semen routine parameters and the female partner has no major problems, it means that there may be unknown infertility factors now, which may be more difficult to treat. All aspects of the examination in our hospital are relatively complete, for example, the chromosomal examination in the central laboratory is comprehensive and basically includes all common loci, while in imaging, the morphology of the relevant reproductive organs and the patency of the vas deferens can be observed, etc. Only 1 sperm is needed for fertility, therefore, if there is no history of infertility, it is treatable as long as it is not an absolute infertility condition such as azoospermia. The main treatments for male infertility are medication, artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization. The general treatment cycle for drug therapy is 3-6 months, because the human sperm cycle is 70-74 days, and drugs generally do not work within 3 months, especially for density. The combination of Chinese and Western medicines and the improvement of lifestyle habits adopted by our department has a much higher cure rate than relying solely on Chinese and Western medicines. There are many causes of male infertility, but apart from the obvious varicocele and prostatitis, the cause is often not found, and data shows that about 60-75% of the causes are not found, called idiopathic male infertility, mostly accompanied by azoospermia or oligospermia. The incidence of azoospermia is about 2% in the general population and up to 10-20% in male infertility, divided into obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). NOA is a specific type of testicular reproductive pathology, characterized clinically by azoospermia, elevated FSH and blocked spermatogenesis in the testicular varicocele, or even the loss of spermatogenic epithelial cells, leaving only supporting cells. The cause of NOA is complex, the pathogenesis is not clear, and there is a lack of effective treatment, so most patients are almost judged as "incurable". Although some progress has been made in assisted reproductive technologies such as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), ICSI bypasses the natural selection mechanism in the sperm formation process and carries the risk of transmitting genetic defects to the next generation. The broad principles of treatment for azoospermia are: the absence of sperm on microscopic examination of semen sediment after two centrifugations is diagnostic of azoospermia. Azoospermia patients may have sperm in the testicles, in this case can be removed to do ICSI (single sperm injection, a technique of IVF); testicles if there is no sperm, can only use other people's sperm to do artificial insemination. So what should I pay attention to in my daily life? How to prevent it? Here are a few suggestions: 1. Less sauna baths. Sperm born in the testicles, the temperature requirements are relatively strict, must be at a constant temperature of 34 ℃ -35 ℃ in order to develop normally, and the temperature in the sauna is much higher than this standard, is extremely unfavorable to the growth of sperm or cause sperm death. Therefore, young men who have not yet had children should only enter the sauna occasionally.2. Stay away from radiation. If the cell phone is often hung on the waist or abdomen, the electromagnetic waves generated when sending and receiving signals will be radiated to the sperm in the body, which may affect the user's fertility function. It is recommended that cell phone users, as far as possible to keep the phone away from the waist, abdomen, such as do not hang the phone in front of the chest, hanging on the waist or stuffed in the coat pocket. 3, quit smoking. Clinical studies have found that smoking reduces the number of sperm and makes individual sperm weaker. The study found that smoking men have a six times higher chance of infertility than non-smoking men. 4, wear less tight pants. Jeans will tightly bind the scrotum and testicles, so that local heat dissipation is reduced, causing testicular temperature to rise, which hinders sperm production. And because of the long-term pressure on the scrotum, testicles and perineum, it will also make the local blood circulation is not good, resulting in local tissue hypoxia and metabolite accumulation, thus affecting the sperm function of the testes, so that the quality of semen decreases.