Anterior chest and back pain should be alert to sudden death diseases such as acute myocardial infarction, aortic coarctation, tension pneumothorax, etc., and malignant tumors causing anterior chest and back pain such as esophageal cancer. 1. Diseases that can lead to sudden death with anterior chest and posterior back pain (1) Acute myocardial infarction: pain in the anterior region of the heart and radiating to the back of the left shoulder, easy to die suddenly in the acute stage, and early coronary stent implantation or thrombolytic therapy is more effective. (2) aortic coarctation: the patient’s chest and back have cut-like or tear-like pain, rupture of the pseudo-lumen of the coarctation aneurysm can lead to hemorrhage patients died on the spot, generally need to control blood pressure after emergency surgery or intervention. (3) Tension pneumothorax: the patient can have anterior chest and back pain, which can quickly lead to the patient’s heart and blood return obstruction in the large vessels and sudden death, requiring emergency thoracentesis or drain tube venting and decompression. 2. Malignant tumor: esophageal cancer in middle and late stages can cause chest and back pain, which needs further comprehensive treatment, otherwise it will seriously affect patients’ life expectancy and survival period. Patients with anterior thoracic and posterior back pain should go to the hospital for further consultation and treatment in time.