Bronchiectasis is a common chronic respiratory disease that can severely damage patients’ lung tissue and function due to recurrent infections, severely affecting their quality of life and causing a heavy socioeconomic burden. The influencing factors include wheezing symptoms, decreased FEV1, sputum volume, and the presence of P. aeruginosa infection. Persistent P. aeruginosa infection induces proliferation of bronchial epithelial cells and peripheral blood vessels, which eventually leads to bronchodilation. Currently, the resistance of P. aeruginosa to antibiotics makes it almost impossible to clear the infection, leading to lung failure and ultimately death. This has led to efforts to investigate the mechanisms of infection and thus to find new avenues of treatment. Population sensing of bacteria is widespread among microorganisms in nature and is a genetic regulatory system dependent on bacterial density]. Studies have shown that P. aeruginosa infection accelerates disease progression in patients with bronchiectasis and that its causative factors are controlled by a complex cell-cell communication loop known as population sensing. It has also been found that P. aeruginosa can monitor its population density and coordinate its population behavior by producing and sensing changes in the concentration of specific signaling molecules, accomplishing a signaling process known as the Quorum-sensing (QS) system of P. aeruginosa. The P. aeruginosa population-sensing system plays an important role in regulating the expression of many physiological functions of the bacterial population, such as swimming ability, twitching motility, plasmid transfer, and production of various virulence factors. The complex population sensing system of P. aeruginosa regulates the expression of virulence genes, biofilm formation and splicing response by generating specific chemical signals, thus affecting the pathogenic process of P. aeruginosa. It was also found that the secretion of many virulence factors (elastase, rhamnolipids, pseudomonas aeruginosa, etc.) and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa are regulated by the population-sensing system. Therefore, interfering with the population sensing system of P. aeruginosa is a promising way to reduce the production of virulence factors, inhibit biofilm formation and improve drug susceptibility, which could be a potential new way to control P. aeruginosa infections. There are currently two main strategies to control P. aeruginosa infections: the first is to kill the bacteria directly; the second is to attenuate their virulence. The first strategy has long been widely used, but the increasing use of antimicrobial drugs in recent years has produced negative effects such as bacterial multi-drug resistance and dysbiosis. Researchers have begun to focus on the second strategy, which is to selectively block the virulence of pathogenic bacteria through “anti-virulence drugs”, so that they cannot fight against the host immune defense and can be easily cleared by the organism itself. At present, there are a large number of new drug research at home and abroad to interfere with the population induction system as the antibacterial target. First, antibiotics such as azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime can reduce bacterial virulence factors and transcription of some genes by interfering with the population sensing system at their sub-inhibitory concentrations. Secondly, a variety of population-sensing system inhibitory molecules were identified from marine cyanobacteria, which could interfere with LasR activity and thus affect P. aeruginosa virulence. Thirdly, it was found that ginseng at 5% concentration could inhibit the community sensing system, reduce protease activity and thus inhibit protein synthesis and bacterial growth. There are also scholars who use the population sensing system inhibitor selector to screen for non-toxic compounds that affect the activity of the population sensing system, including pure chemicals, food isolates and Chinese herbs. Some results have been achieved. All of the above studies have achieved different degrees of research results, but most of them are in vitro studies and have failed to be fully tested and applied in clinical treatment. However, most of these studies are in vitro studies and have not been fully tested and applied in clinical treatment. The search for effective prescriptions and drugs from the rich clinical experience of TCM in the treatment of bronchiectasis and the study of their effects and mechanisms on the population sensing system of P. aeruginosa may provide new ideas and new methods for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infection in bronchiectasis. The results of many scholars over the years have confirmed that TCM plays an important role in the treatment of bronchiectasis, but further studies on the pathways of its effects are scarce. If we start from the classical Chinese medicine formula Qianjin Reed Stem Tang for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in bronchiectasis and study its effect on the population sensing system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its mechanism of action, it is possible to capture the main link of the action pathway and target of Chinese medicine in the treatment of bronchiectasis. This formula is a representative formula for the treatment of pulmonary carbuncle in Chinese medicine, which was developed by Sun Siwei, a Tang Dynasty physician. The original formula consists of reed stem, dongguaren, peach kernel, and coix seed, and is useful for clearing the lung and resolving phlegm, expelling fetishes and pus. It is an effective formula for treating bronchiectasis in the acute stage (phlegm-heat-included lung type), which can promote the discharge of phlegm and facilitate the control of infection. Its ability to promote the expulsion of phlegm and facilitate the control of infection has been respected by medical practitioners throughout the ages. Modern pharmacological studies have found that Qian Jin Wei Zhi Tang has “adaptogenic” effects similar to those of ginseng, and has anti-fatigue, anti-chill, and stress-enhancing effects, as well as enhancing the phagocytic ability of the reticuloendothelial system and having anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects. Therefore, it is feasible to study the inhibition of P. aeruginosa population sensing system by Qianjin reed stem soup to treat P. aeruginosa infection in bronchiectasis, which is a promising development direction. Accordingly, using current molecular biology techniques and high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS), we investigated the expression changes of the major virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the expression changes of the systemic signaling molecules of the population induction system in the bronchiectasis model of rats by endotracheal injection of P. aeruginosa, based on the evaluation of the basic efficacy of Qianjin reed stem soup, and detected the changes of the expression of the major virulence factors of P. aeruginosa and the systemic signaling molecules of the population induction system after the administration of Qianjin reed stem soup. This study will provide new ideas and theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of bronchiectasis in Chinese medicine, which is of great clinical value and will provide important directions for the research of Chinese medicine prevention and treatment of bronchiectasis.