Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as non-menstrual pelvic pain lasting for more than 6 months, producing functional impairment or requiring medication or surgery. CPP is a common gynecological condition with a prevalence of 3.8% in people aged 15-73 years old. CPP has a complex etiology and can be caused by various diseases of the reproductive, digestive, urinary, musculoskeletal and psychoneurological systems. Therefore, the diagnosis of CPP is difficult and the treatment is not ideal, and the painful episodes bring physical and psychological pain to patients and seriously affect the quality of life. Common causes are: i. endometriosis; ii. chronic pelvic inflammatory disease; iii. pelvic venous stasis or varicose veins; iv. pelvic organ or peritoneal adhesions after previous surgery; v. other special conditions, etc. Chronic pelvic pain in gynecology is a difficult disease to diagnose and treat, and it is difficult to diagnose based on clinical symptoms and signs alone. With the widespread use of laparoscopy, the pelvic cavity can be directly explored and the tissue can be taken for pathological examination, which provides strong evidence for the diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain in gynecology. In conclusion, chronic pelvic pain disease has various etiologies, atypical symptoms, lack of specificity in disease diagnosis, and even more difficult to choose in treatment, which are to be explored and improved in future disease research and treatment.