A normal person has two kidneys, weighing about 300 grams, accounting for only 0.5% of the total body weight, but the blood flowing through it accounts for 1/4 of the heart transfusion blood volume. A person weighing 70 kilograms has as much as 1,300 milliliters of blood flowing through the kidneys every minute, which is the largest blood flow among all organs of the human body, which illustrates the importance of the kidneys to the human body. The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood, producing urine, and excreting waste and excess water produced by the body’s metabolism, thus maintaining the balance and health of the body’s internal environment. The kidneys also produce and secrete hormones that promote red blood cell production and maintain normal hematopoietic function. Like many other organs in the human body, its function is affected by age and many toxins, and a normal person will naturally lose 30% of kidney function due to aging at the age of 70, i.e., only 70% is left, if there are diseases such as nephritis, hyperuricemia, hypertension, diabetes, disorders of lipid metabolism, or poor lifestyle habits such as eating a large amount of high-protein and high-fat diet for a long time (the metabolism of these foods produces a lot of waste that needs to be excreted by the kidneys ) or certain drugs that damage the kidneys (such as certain antibacterial agents, Chinese medicine or proprietary Chinese medicine containing aristolochic acid), the kidney function will decline or be damaged faster. After the kidney function declines or is damaged to a certain extent, all the metabolic waste in the body cannot be removed from the body and will accumulate, causing the body to be poisoned and the environment in the body will be chaotic, and all the vital organs will not work properly and endanger life. In this case, either hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation will be performed, otherwise life will end. Even if you have the conditions for long-term hemodialysis, generally speaking, your life will lose its original color and happiness from now on. But for the resilient life, as long as they live, they can make a contribution, such as the famous writer Shi Tiesheng, who relied on hemodialysis for more than 30 years, which gave him time to write many well known works. Kidney transplantation is not an easy task nowadays, there is a shortage of kidney sources all over the world, and even if there are kidney sources, it is not possible to do it if there is a mismatch, not to mention the expensive cost of kidney transplantation and the lifelong cost of immunosuppressive drugs after transplantation. It is not an exaggeration to say that kidney failure is the fading color of life, and kidney failure for most people will usher in “death is a grand festival”, as Shi Tiesheng said. You do not see, from the city to the countryside, full of streets and alleys are distributed everywhere the kidney supplement advertising; you do not know, the kidney has not been able to suffer which can be supplemented? Kidney and kidney function means more than life to life, more is the color of life. “Every life deserves respect, and every kidney should be preserved as long as possible.” This is the professional ethics and scientific spirit of why we, as urologists, do not do the easy nephrectomy, but go after the high-risk “kidney cancer kidney preservation surgery”.