Common neonatal diseases and countermeasures I. Physiological jaundice Performance: Everything is normal after the baby is born. But 3-5 days later, the baby’s face began to yellow, and there is a growing trend of yellow, this is the newborn physiological jaundice. Reason: The fetus depends on the mother for nutrition in the womb, and the waste produced after growth and metabolism is also excreted by the mother’s organs, and the bilirubin produced after the aging red blood cells in the fetus “die out” is thus converted and excreted by the mother’s liver. This is why babies are not jaundiced at birth. After birth, the baby is disconnected from his mother and all his metabolic products are taken care of by himself. The bilirubin produced by the destruction of red blood cells has to be converted a little by the liver before it can be excreted from the body. And at this time the newborn’s liver is weak in its ability to process bilirubin. The bilirubin cannot be excreted out of the body through normal channels, and the excess indirect bilirubin that has not been processed by the liver accumulates in the body. At a certain point, the child exhibits jaundice. Response: As the baby’s liver function matures, neonatal jaundice will gradually subside. Usually within a week to half a month, the jaundice will subside. So parents do not need to panic, can be ignored. Constipation: Constipation is the absence of stool or the number of stools suddenly decreased a lot, while the stool becomes very hard, difficult to defecate, so that the baby cries and cries. Reason: Newborns should have four to five bowel movements per day. Newborns who are breastfed or have specially formulated formula will have slightly less stools and may even become constipated. Response: Parents should pay attention to the shape of the baby’s stool, normal stool should be soft. If you find that your baby is constipated, you may want to give some juice or make the milk thinner, if the constipation does not change, you should take the baby to the doctor. New parents should not give their babies enemas at home, too many enemas are dangerous and will make babies dependent on enemas to defecate, so it is safer to listen to the doctor’s instructions in this regard. Third, vomiting performance: newborns often spit out some milk after eating milk. Reason: The baby is not sick, but just inhaled air while sucking milk, and spit out the air after eating milk. Response: New parents can prevent their babies from spitting up by not letting them suck on the milk too fast and by giving them a chance to expel the air from their stomachs after eating the milk. When your baby finishes breastfeeding, instead of putting him back in his crib right away, pick him up and let him rest his head on your shoulder or knee for a while, gently stroking your baby’s back from the bottom upward to expel the air, at which point mom and dad can hear the obvious burping sound. When a baby overeats, he may vomit up some or all of the milk, which is fine. If vomiting occurs, you should immediately stop breastfeeding and feed him a small amount of warm water several times a day; if the vomiting does not stop, it is time to see a doctor. Fourth, diarrhea performance: diarrhea is easy to identify: the number of stools suddenly increased, and thin, smelly. Causes: Diarrhea is one of the common diseases in newborns, especially when the weather is hot or affected by other diseases can be diarrhea. Response: If you find diarrhea and fever in your baby, you should go to the doctor immediately without delay. Parents should let their babies drink plenty of fluids, such as warm water or thin porridge, before taking them to the doctor. It is very important to let the baby drink plenty of fluids because the baby has lost a lot of water, which is dangerous. At the same time, parents should also pay attention to keep the baby clean and hygienic, after handling the baby’s stool, they should also wash their own hands to prevent the infection of germs. V. Umbilical cord infection Performance: Inflammation of the baby’s belly button. Cause: Umbilical cord infection is a common problem for newborns. After the baby is born, the umbilical cord has completed its historical mission. The umbilical cord stump dries up and falls off within 5-7 days after the doctor has ligated the umbilical cord, and the part that falls off is the belly button. The problem occurs during the time when the umbilical cord is still intact. If you do not take care of it properly during this time and it becomes infected with bacteria and becomes inflamed, this is umbiliculitis. Response: The prevention of umbilical cord infection is simple: keep your baby’s umbilicus clean and dry. When the umbilical cord has not fallen off, bathe your baby in two parts, top and bottom, and do not let the umbilical cord and the gauze wrapped around it get wet. If the gauze on the umbilical cord is wet, change it in time. Once the baby’s umbilical cord is found to have exudate, make sure to take the baby to the doctor. Mom and dad should clean the umbilical cord according to the procedure of aseptic operation. Six, eczema performance: the beginning of red papules, oozing, and finally can be crusted, flaking, repeated, long-term, baby will feel itchy uncomfortable. Mainly distributed in the face, forehead eyebrows, around the ears, cheeks also have, serious can spread to the whole body, especially the skin folds more, such as elbow folds, armpits and other places. Common eczema is the most serious in babies aged 2-3 months. Causes: Eczema is an allergic disease with a genetic predisposition, mostly seen in infants with milk allergies. Babies who are artificially fed suffer from eczema at a higher rate than those who are breastfed. Response: generally not serious eczema, without special treatment, as long as you pay attention to keep the baby’s skin clean, do not use soap, bath lotion, etc. to wash the baby’s face, bath, just use water to wash on the line. After the baby is 4 months old, begin to gradually add supplementary food to the baby, reduce the intake of milk, until the baby completely out of the milk as the main food, to meal instead, skin eczema often will not cure itself. In terms of medication, parents can let their babies take oral anti-allergy medication such as paracetamol, vitamin C, etc. under the guidance of their doctors, and also give their babies some calcium supplements. If the baby’s eczema is more serious, parents can use boric acid water wet compresses. Babies with eczema may be allergic to certain foods when they grow up, such as fish and shrimp, so mom and dad should keep an eye on them.